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IMF Executive Board Concludes the 2013 Article IV Consultation with Sierra Leone
FREETOWN – The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation with Sierra Leone,1 and approved a three–year arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) in support of the authorities’ economic and financial program for 2013-2016 (see Press Release No. 13/410).
Sierra Leone has made significant progress in macroeconomic stabilization over the last five years. Real Gross Domestic Product growth averaged some 7 percent, driven by output expansion in agriculture, mining, and services; as well as the scaling-up of infrastructure investment. Nonetheless, important impediments to broad-based growth remain, including large infrastructure gaps, insufficient energy supply, and limited access to safe water and sanitation on October 21, 2013.
To address the country’s remaining challenges, the authorities have prepared a new Poverty Reduction Strategy–Agenda for Prosperity–that focuses on measures to advance economic diversification, improve public service delivery and social protection for the most vulnerable, and increase employment opportunities. The new strategy aims to achieve economic transformation through increased investment in energy, roads, transportation, and agriculture; as well as growth-enhancing structural reforms.
Recent economic and financial developments were encouraging. The inflation rate (year-on-year) declined from 12.1 percent in 2012 to 9.1 percent at end-September 2013, partly reflecting a tighter monetary policy stance. With the onset of iron ore exports, and better terms of trade, the external position improved in 2012, and gross international reserves rose to about 3 months of imports. The fiscal deficit stood at 5.6 percent of non-iron ore GDP in 2012, well above the original budget target because of expenditure overruns partly linked to the November elections. However, the fiscal position improved in the first half of 2013 thanks to revenue-enhancing measures, expenditure restraint, and enhanced Treasury cash management. Monetary and banking sector developments have been broadly satisfactory and risks to financial sector stability appear contained.
Medium-term prospects are positive. Growth is projected to remain robust, mainly driven by iron ore production and continued high public investment; while inflation is expected to decline further as monetary and fiscal policies remain prudent. The main risks to the outlook are related to possible adverse fluctuations in global commodity prices and uncertainties on iron ore production.
Executive Board Assessment
Executive Directors welcomed the progress made by Sierra Leone in recent years but noted that poverty remains widespread and improvement in social indicators has been modest. Accordingly, Directors emphasized that strong commitment to sound policies and structural reforms under the new ECF-supported program will be important to consolidate macroeconomic stability, build policy buffers, and foster sustainable and inclusive growth.
Directors stressed the importance of continued efforts to strengthen the fiscal position. They welcomed the authorities’ renewed focus on revenue mobilization and their plans to improve expenditure controls and avoid further spending overruns. They looked forward to the authorities’ medium-term expenditure framework which should guide the implementation of the new Poverty Reduction Strategy, including giving priority to infrastructure investment and pro-poor spending. To boost revenue, Directors called for measures to increase efficiency in tax administration, broaden the tax base, and establish a comprehensive tax regime for the natural resources sector. Accelerating public financial reforms should help strengthen budget processes and expenditure management, especially management of capital expenditure.
Directors welcomed efforts to improve debt management capacity and urged the authorities to continue to cover Sierra Leone’s financing needs mainly with grants and concessional loans. They also called for a careful prioritization of large-scale infrastructure projects envisioned in their Poverty Reduction Strategy. Directors advised the authorities to ensure that large projects are consistent with macroeconomic stability and debt sustainability.
Directors encouraged the authorities to maintain a tight monetary policy to reduce inflation further. The monetary authorities should stand ready to raise the policy rate and mop up excess liquidity, if inflationary pressures intensify. Given Sierra Leone’s vulnerability to external shocks, Directors saw merit in increasing international reserves over the medium term and maintaining a flexible exchange rate.
Directors noted that, while the financial sector has expanded significantly, the provision of financial services remains limited. They encouraged the authorities to take additional steps to broaden access and facilitate intermediation. Addressing gaps in banking supervision and strengthening the Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) framework will also be important.
Directors emphasized that deeper structural reforms remain necessary to foster broad-based growth and reduce poverty. Key priorities should focus on improving the business environment, investing in infrastructure, including energy sector and advancing economic diversification.
FREETOWN – The Executive Board of the T (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation with Sierra Leone,1 and approved a three–year arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) in support of the authorities’ economic and financial program for 2013-2016 on October 21, 2013.
Sierra Leone has made significant progress in macroeconomic stabilization over the last five years. Real Gross Domestic Product growth averaged some 7 percent, driven by output expansion in agriculture, mining, and services; as well as the scaling-up of infrastructure investment. Nonetheless, important impediments to broad-based growth remain, including large infrastructure gaps, insufficient energy supply, and limited access to safe water and sanitation.
To address the country’s remaining challenges, the authorities have prepared a new Poverty Reduction Strategy–Agenda for Prosperity–that focuses on measures to advance economic diversification, improve public service delivery and social protection for the most vulnerable, and increase employment opportunities. The new strategy aims to achieve economic transformation through increased investment in energy, roads, transportation, and agriculture; as well as growth-enhancing structural reforms.
Recent economic and financial developments were encouraging. The inflation rate (year-on-year) declined from 12.1 percent in 2012 to 9.1 percent at end-September 2013, partly reflecting a tighter monetary policy stance. With the onset of iron ore exports, and better terms of trade, the external position improved in 2012, and gross international reserves rose to about 3 months of imports. The fiscal deficit stood at 5.6 percent of non-iron ore GDP in 2012, well above the original budget target because of expenditure overruns partly linked to the November elections. However, the fiscal position improved in the first half of 2013 thanks to revenue-enhancing measures, expenditure restraint, and enhanced Treasury cash management. Monetary and banking sector developments have been broadly satisfactory and risks to financial sector stability appear contained.
Medium-term prospects are positive. Growth is projected to remain robust, mainly driven by iron ore production and continued high public investment; while inflation is expected to decline further as monetary and fiscal policies remain prudent. The main risks to the outlook are related to possible adverse fluctuations in global commodity prices and uncertainties on iron ore production.
Executive Board Assessment
Executive Directors welcomed the progress made by Sierra Leone in recent years but noted that poverty remains widespread and improvement in social indicators has been modest. Accordingly, Directors emphasized that strong commitment to sound policies and structural reforms under the new ECF-supported program will be important to consolidate macroeconomic stability, build policy buffers, and foster sustainable and inclusive growth.
Directors stressed the importance of continued efforts to strengthen the fiscal position. They welcomed the authorities’ renewed focus on revenue mobilization and their plans to improve expenditure controls and avoid further spending overruns. They looked forward to the authorities’ medium-term expenditure framework which should guide the implementation of the new Poverty Reduction Strategy, including giving priority to infrastructure investment and pro-poor spending. To boost revenue, Directors called for measures to increase efficiency in tax administration, broaden the tax base, and establish a comprehensive tax regime for the natural resources sector. Accelerating public financial reforms should help strengthen budget processes and expenditure management, especially management of capital expenditure.
Directors welcomed efforts to improve debt management capacity and urged the authorities to continue to cover Sierra Leone’s financing needs mainly with grants and concessional loans. They also called for a careful prioritization of large-scale infrastructure projects envisioned in their Poverty Reduction Strategy. Directors advised the authorities to ensure that large projects are consistent with macroeconomic stability and debt sustainability.
Directors encouraged the authorities to maintain a tight monetary policy to reduce inflation further. The monetary authorities should stand ready to raise the policy rate and mop up excess liquidity, if inflationary pressures intensify. Given Sierra Leone’s vulnerability to external shocks, Directors saw merit in increasing international reserves over the medium term and maintaining a flexible exchange rate.
Directors noted that, while the financial sector has expanded significantly, the provision of financial services remains limited. They encouraged the authorities to take additional steps to broaden access and facilitate intermediation. Addressing gaps in banking supervision and strengthening the Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) framework will also be important.
Directors emphasized that deeper structural reforms remain necessary to foster broad-based growth and reduce poverty. Key priorities should focus on improving the business environment, investing in infrastructure, including energy sector, and advancing economic diversification.
The landed cost of imported Premium Motor Spirit (petrol) has climbed above the gantry price offered by the Dangote Petroleum Refinery, reinforcing calls by petroleum marketers for Nigeria to halt fuel importation and prioritise local refining.
The latest Energy Bulletin released by the Major Energies Marketers Association of Nigeria showed that the spot landed cost of imported petrol stood at N1,223.32 per litre as of July 29.
The price is higher than the Dangote refinery’s gantry price of N1,215 per litre, indicating that imported petrol currently costs marketers more than supplies sourced from the 650,000-barrels-per-day Lekki-based refinery.
The MEMAN bulletin also showed that Brent crude averaged $90 per barrel during the review period.
The development comes days after the Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria renewed its call for an end to petrol importation, arguing that local refining capacity is sufficient to meet the country’s fuel demand.
IPMAN National Publicity Secretary, Chinedu Ukadike, recently told The PUNCH that there was no justification for continued petrol imports when local refineries, particularly the Dangote refinery, were producing enough to supply the domestic market.
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He argued that importing petrol when locally refined products were available only exerted additional pressure on foreign exchange and undermined investments in domestic refining.
The latest pricing data appears to support the marketers’ position, with the landed cost of imported petrol now exceeding the Dangote refinery’s gantry price.
According to the MEMAN bulletin, Dangote’s coastal price for PMS stood at N1,195 per litre, while its gantry price was N1,215 per litre, inclusive of the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority charges.
The report also showed that the naira averaged N1,367.03/$ during the review period, while international crude oil prices remained elevated, contributing to higher import costs.
The rise in global crude prices also pushed up the cost of refined petroleum products internationally. The price of diesel traded on the Intercontinental Exchange in Europe averaged $1,246.54 per metric tonne during the review period.
The bulletin further revealed that the spot landed cost of diesel rose to N1,739.96 per litre, compared with a 30-day average of N1,427.00 per litre, while aviation fuel climbed to N1,616.43 per litre against a 30-day average of N1,421.10 per litre.
The pricing trend suggests that locally refined petrol currently offers marketers a cheaper alternative than imports.
Earlier, the Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria urged the Federal Government to halt the importation of petrol, arguing that imported petrol has become more expensive than locally refined products and is frustrating efforts to stabilise prices in the downstream sector.
The association said the continued issuance of fuel import licences was worsening price volatility, putting additional pressure on the naira and undermining the competitiveness of domestic refineries, particularly the Dangote Petroleum Refinery.
Speaking with The PUNCH, the National Publicity Secretary of IPMAN, Chinedu Ukadike, said the recent import licences issued by the NMDPRA had failed to achieve their intended objective of moderating domestic fuel prices.
According to him, petrol imported under the new licences is being sold at rates significantly higher than the price of products supplied by the Dangote refinery.
Meanwhile, data from Petroleumprice.ng also showed that some depot owners continued to adjust their ex-depot petrol prices on Thursday amid changing market conditions. AIPEC sold at N1,216 per litre.
Ardova reduced its ex-depot price by N1 to N1,217 per litre, while Ascon and T-Time each cut their prices by N2 to N1,216 per litre. Emadeb, however, increased its price by N1 to N1,218 per litre, while NIPCO retained its price at N1,217 per litre.
Outside Lagos, Aradel raised its ex-depot price by N5 to N1,240 per litre in Port Harcourt. Matrix and Sigmund reduced their prices by N10 each to N1,225 and N1,224 per litre, respectively, while T.S.L. cut its price by N15 to N1,225 per litre.
In Calabar, Hong Petroleum, Mainland and Sobaz each reduced their depot prices by N5 to N1,220 per litre. In Warri, A.Y.M. Shafa increased its price by N3 to N1,233 per litre, while Optima raised its price by N2 to N1,232 per litre. Matrix reduced its price by N3 to N1,230 per litre, while Rainoil cut its price by N2 to N1,240 per litre.
The PUNCH reports that the pump prices of petrol currently hover around N1,250 to N1,300 per litre in Lagos and Ogun states, while they are higher in the North and other distant locations.
A call has gone to the political leadership across the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) for the institution of a regional pricing benchmark for oil and gas to address rising concerns of uneven pricing.
Making the call on Wednesday in Abuja, the Chief Executive Officer of the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA), Rabiu Umar, noted that a standard pricing formula across the region would promote cross-border trade and attract investment into the downstream petroleum sector.
He expressed concern that Africa still relies on international markets to determine the prices of petroleum products produced within the continent despite its abundant resources.
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He used the media briefing to disclose that Nigeria, in partnership with S&P Global Commodity Insights and the West Africa Regulators Forum (WARF), would organise the second West Africa Refined Fuel Conference from 11 to 12 August in Abuja.
The theme of the conference is: “Funding West Africa Infrastructure & Distribution to Create a Transparent Market for Regional Price Benchmarks.”
According to him, the event is aimed at developing a formidable regional marketplace where petroleum products can be traded competitively.
He said: “The vision is to establish West Africa as a credible regional marketplace where petroleum products can be traded efficiently, transparently and competitively.
“By strengthening infrastructure, harmonising regulations and improving market data, the region can enhance price discovery, facilitate cross-border trade and attract greater investment.”
Umar said progress had been recorded since the maiden edition of the conference in 2025, including the establishment of the West Africa Regulators Forum, the publication of West African reference prices, and the opening of S&P Global Commodity Insights’ regional office in Abuja.
He said the 2026 edition would focus on infrastructure financing, regional cooperation, market transparency, logistics development, and expanding refining capacity to improve energy security and reduce dependence on imported petroleum products.
He identified pipelines, storage facilities, marine terminals, ports, rail infrastructure, digital commodity exchanges, trading platforms, strategic petroleum reserves, LNG infrastructure, and logistics corridors as critical investments needed to create an integrated regional energy market.
Umar stressed that regulators have a key role to play in ensuring fair competition, investor confidence, consumer protection, and regional cooperation through harmonised standards and regulations.
He cited the Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp (ARA) trading hub in Europe as an example of a benchmark that considers supply, demand, transportation, and logistics costs.
He said: “The more we are able to produce, the more relevant it becomes to have our own reference pricing.”
In line with its corporate vision, Summit Bank has reinforced its commitment to opportunities and business expansion, entrepreneurship, and Nigeria’s growing digital economy through its support of the newly-commissioned Hajaj-Zoec Digital Market in Kano. Established as a landmark commercial initiative, the digital market will enhance ecommerce and economic opportunities for the African market. It is projected to create more than 100,000 jobs and generate an estimated N50bn annually in economic activity.
Summit Bank joined government officials, industry leaders, and initiative stakeholders on Saturday for the official commissioning of the market. Among the dignitaries were Barr. Abdulkarim Kabiru Maude, Kano State Commissioner of Justice; Yusuf Ata, Minister of State for Housing and Urban Development, represented by his Special Assistant (Technical), Kabir Aminu Dutse; Ahmed Idris, former Accountant General of the Federation; Dr. Mansur Muhtah, Chairman of Bank of Industry; and Alhaji Jamilu Abdussalam, CEO, Hajjaj Real Estate.
In his remarks, Dr. Sirajo Salisu, Summit Bank’s MD/CEO, reaffirmed the bank’s belief that access to ethical finance and a thriving commercial ecosystem remain key drivers of sustainable economic growth.
Developed under a public-private partnership (PPP) involving Kano State Government, Hajjaj ZOEC Real Estate, and ZOEC Construction, with Summit Bank as a proud sponsor, the digital market was inaugurated in Tudun Wada, Sabon Gari, Kano. As a transformative project, the bank’s support reflects a commitment to supporting businesses, deepening financial inclusion, and building a more connected digital economy. “We believe this market is not only an opportunity for Kano State or Northern Nigeria but for the entire African continent. Instead of travelling all the way to China to purchase goods in bulk, traders will be able to come to Kano and place their orders here,” Alhaji Abdussalam said, during his remarks.
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While speaking during the ceremony, Dr. Salisu said the significance of the digital market goes beyond its physical infrastructure. “Markets have always been at the centre of enterprise. What the Hajaj-Zoec Digital Market represents is the next stage of evolution that blends physical and digital commerce into a modern ecosystem where businesses can grow, technology can thrive, and entrepreneurs can unlock new opportunities,” he said.
Dr. Salisu said supporting enterprise is a core purpose of Summit Bank as a non-interest financial institution. “We believe banking should do more than provide financial services; it should help create the conditions that allow businesses to flourish,” adding that when entrepreneurs have access to the right ecosystem, markets become stronger, jobs are created, families earn better livelihoods, and communities prosper. He said this is the kind of impact that Summit Bank supports.
Hajaj-Zoec Digital Market is designed as the largest, purpose-built modern business hub for electronic dealers, tech entrepreneurs, wholesalers, retailers, and investors across Nigeria and West Africa. It will provide more than 1500 trading spaces, according to Abdussalam, with state-of-the-art amenities and digital infrastructure. This development strengthens Kano’s longstanding position as a frontline commercial center in Nigeria, and a hub other region can feed into.
For Summit Bank, the development aligns closely with its broader mission of supporting productive enterprise through ethical, transparent and customer-focused banking solutions. The Bank believes that sustainable economic development is built not only through access to finance but also through meaningful partnerships that drive business growth.
The commissioning also reflects Summit Bank’s growing engagement with Nigeria’s SME sector. Through initiatives such as its recent Market Storm activations across key commercial centers in Kano, Kaduna and Abuja, the Bank has continued to deepen relationships with traders, entrepreneurs and small business owners, taking financial education and banking solutions directly to the communities where commerce happens every day.
Summit Bank said it remains committed to supporting initiatives that advance entrepreneurship, expand financial inclusion and strengthen Nigeria’s digital economy, while helping businesses build lasting value for themselves, their customers and their communities.
As an innovative non-interest financial institution, the bank continues to champion a banking model rooted in ethics, transparency, partnership, shared prosperity and responsible growth, connecting finance with real economic activity and contributes meaningfully to national development.
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