Business
NAFDAC Before and After Adeyeye: Has the Agency Truly Changed?
For years, the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) has been at the centre of Nigeria’s battle against fake, substandard and unsafe medicines and other regulated products.
But has the agency truly changed since Professor Mojisola Adeyeye became Director-General in 2017?
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For those who might want to respond in the affirmative, it is important to note that the transformation did not begin with Adeyeye, and they must factor in what previous leadership achieved before judging the current administration.
Before Adeyeye: The Orhii Years
Before Adeyeye, the NAFDAC was led by Dr Paul Orhii, who became Director-General in 2009 and remained in office until February 2016.
Orhii’s tenure was strongly associated with the use of technology in the fight against counterfeit medicines, as the NAFDAC introduced and expanded mobile authentication systems and other technologies designed to allow consumers to verify medicines.
By 2015, the NAFDAC reported that it had confiscated and destroyed counterfeit drugs worth more than N27 billion over five years. The agency also reported that more than 80 million Nigerians could use authentication technology to verify the genuineness of certain products.
There was also measurable evidence of progress against counterfeit medicines.
A survey cited by Devex found that the prevalence of counterfeit antimalarial medicines fell from 19.6 percent in 2012 to 3.5 percent in 2015, with the NAFDAC attributing the improvement partly to authentication technology and other enforcement strategies, including the use of TruScan at ports.
The NAFDAC was also actively arresting counterfeiters and seizing fake medicines. In 2015, for example, the agency announced the seizure of more than 15 containers of counterfeit pharmaceuticals valued at about N1 billion from warehouses linked to a suspected counterfeit-drug kingpin.
However, Orhii’s tenure was not without controversy. His administration faced allegations concerning financial management, which he denied. He was removed from office in February 2016.
2016–2017: Yetunde Oni’s Transitional Period
After Orhii’s removal, Mrs Yetunde Oni, then a senior official of the NAFDAC, became Acting Director-General in February 2016.
Her approximately 18-month tenure is important because it is sometimes overlooked when comparing the NAFDAC before and after Adeyeye.
In 2016–2017, Oni’s administration reported progress in several areas, including the retooling of the NAFDAC’s laboratories, laboratory accreditation, improvement of registration procedures and measures to support small and medium-sized businesses.
In a July 2017 management report, Oni listed updated guidelines, revised permit processes, user-acceptance testing of electronic processes, new job descriptions for officers and the creation of additional outstations among the achievements recorded during her tenure.
The Federal Ministry of Information also reported in December 2016 that the NAFDAC, under Oni, had instituted 52 cases and secured eight convictions since February of that year.
Another contemporary account credited her administration with laboratory retooling, accreditation of the Agulu and Kaduna laboratories, improvements in marketing-authorisation procedures and a 50 percent reduction in registration costs for products under the MSME clinic.
So, the historical record does not support the argument that the NAFDAC was in any way stagnant before Adeyeye.
September–November 2017: Ademola Magbojuri
When Oni retired after reaching the mandatory retirement age in September 2017, Mr Ademola Andrew Magbojuri became Acting Director-General.
His tenure was brief — lasting only weeks — before Adeyeye was appointed.
Magbojuri had previously served as a senior director within the NAFDAC, including roles involving finance, planning, research and statistics, and the agency’s Training and Research Institute.
Because he served only as a transitional acting DG, there is little basis for attributing major long-term institutional achievements specifically to his short period at the top.
His importance in this history is that he was the person Adeyeye directly succeeded in November 2017.
Then Came Mojisola Adeyeye — 2017
Professor Mojisola Adeyeye assumed office in November 2017.
According to Adeyeye’s account, she inherited a NAFDAC facing serious financial and operational problems, including about N3.2 billion in debt, with significant amounts owed in taxes, staff-related expenses and contractor obligations. She also said that roughly 70–80 percent of the agency’s equipment was non-functional.
These figures are Adeyeye’s account of the condition she inherited and should therefore be treated as claims by the DG rather than an independently audited assessment.
But unlike simply measuring the NAFDAC by the number of counterfeit products seized, Adeyeye’s administration increasingly focused on institutional regulatory capacity and international standards.
2018–2019: The Beginning of a New Regulatory Push
Adeyeye’s administration pursued quality-management and regulatory reforms, including efforts to align the NAFDAC with the World Health Organization’s Global Benchmarking Tool.
Going by the NAFDAC’s own records, the achievements since November 2017 included laboratory upgrading, quality-management systems, ISO 9001 certification and digitalisation of regulatory processes.
The administration also worked on reducing the time required to register regulated products. Nigeria’s National Development Plan also recorded that NAFDAC had re-engineered registration processes and reduced processing time from almost a year to less than three months.
2022: The Biggest International Milestone
The most significant evidence of institutional change came in March 2022.
After a formal assessment by international experts using WHO’s Global Benchmarking Tool, Nigeria’s medicines regulator achieved WHO Maturity Level 3.
The WHO explained that the assessment examined more than 260 indicators covering areas such as product authorisation, laboratory testing, market surveillance and the ability to detect adverse events.
According to the WHO, Nigeria had reached ML3, meaning its regulatory system had demonstrated that it functioned well when measured against most of the international indicators.
This was a major achievement because it was not simply the NAFDAC declaring itself successful. The assessment was conducted through the WHO benchmarking process.
2023: Further Laboratory Progress
The improvement continued after the 2022 milestone.
According to the WHO Africa report, NAFDAC subsequently achieved prequalification of its Central Drug Control Laboratory in September 2023.
That provided further evidence that the improvements were extending beyond administrative reforms into laboratory and technical capacity.
2025: NAFDAC Maintains Its International Standing
Another important test came in 2025.
The NAFDAC retained its WHO Maturity Level 3 status following a new benchmarking exercise. That matters because achieving a regulatory standard once is different from maintaining it.
The 2025 result therefore provided evidence that the improvements recognised in 2022 had not simply disappeared after the original assessment.
The agency also achieved another major international milestone in 2025 by becoming a full member of the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH), strengthening Nigeria’s participation in international pharmaceutical regulatory standards.
But Has NAFDAC Defeated Fake Drugs?
This is where the analysis needs to be balanced, because the response would be in the negative.
The NAFDAC’s institutional transformation should not be confused with the elimination of counterfeit and substandard products from Nigeria.
Fake and substandard medicines still enter markets while the NAFDAC continues to conduct seizures, recalls, laboratory testing and enforcement operations.
In the same vein, that does not necessarily mean the reforms failed.
In fact, one indication of a stronger regulator can be its ability to detect, investigate and recall dangerous products more effectively.
The real question is whether those stronger systems are translating into safer products for Nigerians.
The Real Comparison
The evidence therefore shows three different phases.
Paul Orhii — 2009–2016
Focused heavily on modernising the NAFDAC’s anti-counterfeit campaign through technology, authentication systems, enforcement and seizures. The reported reduction in counterfeit antimalarial medicines between 2012 and 2015 is evidence of measurable progress during this period.
Yetunde Oni — 2016–2017
Maintained enforcement while concentrating on laboratory retooling, accreditation, registration reforms, MSME support and internal administrative improvements. Her administration also reported 52 cases and eight convictions during the period from February to December 2016.
Ademola Magbojuri — September–November 2017
Served as a short transitional Acting DG before Adeyeye’s appointment.
Mojisola Adeyeye — 2017–present
Moved the emphasis strongly toward institutional strengthening, quality-management systems, digitalisation and international regulatory benchmarking, culminating in WHO ML3 in 2022, retention of ML3 in 2025, and full ICH membership in 2025.
Verdict
The evidence suggests that the NAFDAC has genuinely transformed, but the change should be understood as an evolution rather than a complete reinvention.
Orhii’s administration helped establish technology-driven anti-counterfeit measures. Oni’s short tenure continued enforcement and strengthened laboratories and administrative processes. Magbojuri provided a brief transition.
Adeyeye then took the institution further toward internationally benchmarked regulatory standards, with the strongest independent evidence being the WHO’s recognition of Nigeria at Maturity Level 3 in 2022 and the subsequent retention of that status in 2025.
So the fairest conclusion is:
The NAFDAC was not a useless agency before Adeyeye, and Adeyeye did not eliminate the problem of fake drugs.
But under her leadership, there is strong evidence that the regulator itself became more internationally mature, structured and technically capable.
The realistic goal is not to pretend counterfeit drugs can be eliminated completely, but to keep the problem under tighter control, making detection faster, enforcement stronger, and illegal production, importation and distribution increasingly difficult.
Ultimately, the real measure of this progress is whether these stronger systems continue to protect Nigerians and make the counterfeit-drug trade harder to sustain, regardless of who leads NAFDAC next.
Business
Nigeria Hit Daily Averages 1.69mbpd of Crude, Condensate in October
Nigeria produced a daily average of 1.687 barrels of crude oil and condensate in October 2026, and met its OPEC quota for the sixth consecutive month.
Data from the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) showed that in strict crude oil terms (excluding condensate), the country produced an average of 1.51mbpd in October.
This is 101 percent of the 1.5mbpd quota set by OPEC.
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The data, released on Wednesday, also shows that single-day production hit a peak of 1.79 million barrels, while the lowest for the month under review stood at 1.60 million bpd.
The crude oil data (excluding condensate) shows that Nigeria has met its assigned OPEC quota for six straight months, producing 1.53mobpd in May; 1.55mobpd in June; 1.51mobpd in July; 1.5mobpd in August, 1.53mobpd in September and 1.51mobpd in October.
On a month of month basis, however, production dipped by 1.7 percent.
The NUPRC attributed the stable performance in recent months to an enhanced operational stability, supported improved production uptime and crude evacuation efficiency.
The sustained growth recorded in October reflects the continued commitment of operators and industry stakeholders towards improving operational efficiency, maintaining asset integrity, and enhancing production reliability across the Nigerian upstream petroleum sector.
A breakdown of the daily average crude oil and condensate production by terminals/streams during the review month shows that Forcados Terminal accounted for 318.49kbpd while Bonny comes second with 311.02kbpd.
Qua Iboe Terminal recorded an average production of 173.97kbpd of crude oil and condensates while Escravos Oil Terminal posted a daily average of 134.67kbpd.
Bonga ranked as the fifth highest producing terminal, recording an average of 106.65kbpd of crude oil and condensate.
Business
Rig Count Hits 100, as NUPRC Approves 740 Drilling Jobs
A total of 595 well re-entries and 145 new well-drilling operations, alongside 39 Field Development Plans (FDPs) have been approved in the first 10 months of 2026, as Nigeria intensifies efforts to ramp up crude oil production and attract fresh investments.
In addition, the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) has sanctioned 740 drilling-related operations in the same period, as Nigeria’s total rig count rose to 100, with 46 currently active in drilling operations.
These details were made public during the management session of the 44th Annual International Conference and Exhibition of the Nigerian Association of Petroleum Explorationists (NAPE) in Lagos on Tuesday, by the Chief Executive (CE), NUPRC, Oritsemeyiwa Eyesan.
The conference is held under the theme, “Energy Security in an Era of Global Disruption: Positioning Nigeria for Resilience, Competitiveness, and Prosperity.”
The approvals, which underscore increased regulatory activity in the upstream petroleum sector. Eyesan, who was represented by the Deputy Director, Basinal Administration, NUPRC, Ahmad Abdullahi, said the increased approvals reflected improvements in the Commission’s regulatory processes, particularly the time required to grant operational clearances.
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According to her, faster approval processes have reduced delays and the additional costs incurred by operators while waiting for regulatory authorisation to execute projects.
“Year to date, about 39 FDPs have been approved. About 145 new well-drilling approvals granted. Year to date, about 595 well re-entry approvals were granted.
That goes to tell that as a commission, we have improved our approval time level, which again reduces costs that are being wasted or for projects to continue to wait for approval,” she said.
She explained that the Commission’s priority was to ensure that regulatory approvals translated into increased production and adequate energy supply.
“From the regulator’s perspective, to ensure that our energy security is not threatened, we must ensure that we approve Field Development Plans and new well-drilling applications to meet our production targets and guarantee energy availability,” Eyesan stated.
On drilling activities, the NUPRC boss said Nigeria’s rig count had increased by more than 300 per cent compared with the level recorded in 2021, reflecting renewed activities in the upstream industry.
“We have more than 100 rigs in country. About 46 rigs are actively involved in drilling year to date. If you compare this with maybe what we had in 2021, you will see that you have more than about 300 per cent increase,” she said.
Eyesan attributed the growth in investment activities to improved regulatory certainty, noting that investors were more willing to commit capital when they had confidence in the policy and operating environment.
She also identified the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) as a major factor in rebuilding investor confidence, particularly in the acquisition of seismic data required for oil and gas exploration.
The NUPRC chief disclosed that multi-client seismic companies had invested more than $100 million in seismic data acquisition in Nigeria within three years of the enactment of the PIA.
“Based on our record, in the last three years, from the enactment of PIA, multi-client companies have invested more than $100 million in acquiring seismic data in Nigeria,” she said.
The investments are expected to deepen geological understanding of the country’s sedimentary basins, improve exploration decisions and support the discovery of additional hydrocarbon reserves.
On efforts to tackle crude oil theft and improve security across the industry, Eyesan said the Commission had introduced initiatives, including the Advanced Cargo Declaration programme and coordinated surveillance operations involving the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPC), private security operators such as Tantita Security Services and the Nigerian Navy.
She said the Commission’s responsibility went beyond punishing errant operators and perpetrators of oil theft.
According to her, the broader objective was to establish an operating environment in which legitimate crude oil production would be more profitable than crude oil theft.
Business
Dangote Refinery, Fertiliser Expansion to Employ Over 90,000 in Lagos
President/Chief Executive, Dangote Industries Limited, Aliko Dangote, has declared that over 90,000 people are expected to be working at the group’s petroleum refinery & petrochemicals and fertiliser operations in Lagos next year.
This is as the group accelerates investments to create jobs, strengthen industrial production and transform agriculture across Africa.
Dangote, who disclosed this in an interview, also unveiled plans to establish 20 fertiliser blending plants in strategic locations across the continent to improve farmers’ access to essential inputs and support year-round supply. The projects form part of an investment programme that could reach $65 billion over four years, spanning refining, fertiliser, petrochemicals, power, pipelines and other businesses.
“The refinery expansion is huge. By next year, we expect to have almost 90,000 people working on the refinery and fertiliser projects in Lagos,” he said.
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Dangote said creating opportunities for Africa’s youthful population was a central motivation for the group’s expansion, stressing that the continent needed more factories and greater domestic production to meet its growing needs. “My biggest concern is job creation in Africa. We have a very youthful population, and we are not creating enough jobs. We must push harder to create opportunities and keep our young people productively engaged,” he said.
The refinery expansion will add another 700,000 barrels per day of processing capacity, taking the planned total to about 1.4 million barrels per day, alongside additional petrochemical facilities and infrastructure. Beyond energy, Dangote outlined a fertiliser expansion programme designed to help turn Africa’s agricultural potential into greater production, more reliable food supplies and economic opportunities.
“We also plan to establish 20 blending plants in strategic locations across Africa. We intend to begin mining potash and phosphate in Congo-Brazzaville very soon,” he said.
He disclosed that the group was working towards nine million tonnes of urea capacity, with plans for 1.2 million tonnes of diammonium phosphate, DAP, and one million tonnes of NPK blending capacity in Lagos. Dangote said the objective was to ensure that farmers in countries hosting the group’s operations, as well as neighbouring markets, could obtain fertiliser when needed, without the uncertainty associated with lengthy import and delivery processes.
“What we want is for the countries where we operate, and their neighbours, to have fertiliser available 365 days a year. Farmers should be able to buy it when they need it, without worrying about supply,” he said.
Citing Ethiopia, he explained that fertiliser imports had to pass through Djibouti before being transported inland, creating logistical challenges that could leave supplies arriving after the planting season. “With local production, the fertiliser will be available there. We will also have one million tonnes of NPK capacity attached to the project,” he said.
Dangote linked the programme to his determination that Africa should build the capacity to meet its own agricultural input requirements, rather than remain vulnerable to disruptions in international markets. “At the beginning of the Russia–Ukraine crisis, the African Union went to Russia to plead for fertiliser. I said then that, within four years, Africa should never again have to go anywhere to beg for fertiliser,” he said.
He expressed confidence that sufficient access to gas would enable a much larger expansion in fertiliser production. “If Africa needs 30 million tonnes and we can secure enough gas, we can produce and supply it,” he said. “Africa has an enormous agricultural advantage. We must lead the effort to turn that opportunity into a major agricultural transformation.”
The group’s wider investment programme includes an initial ambition to develop 10,000 megawatts of power with some African countries and increase cement capacity to 100 million tonnes. Dangote said reliable electricity was essential to industrial growth, enabling African countries to process their raw materials, retain more value within their economies and create opportunities for their people. He disclosed that approximately $50 billion of the planned investment would go into existing businesses, while another $15 billion would be directed towards new ventures, including projects yet to be announced. The programme would be financed through a combination of free cash flow, internally generated equity and debt, he said.
Dangote urged African investors to take the lead in developing the continent, arguing that substantial domestic investment would encourage international capital to follow.
“I am tired of hearing about ‘potential’. We have been talking about Africa’s potential for decades. But Africans themselves must invest in their continent,” he said. “What gives other investors comfort and confidence is seeing us put our own money on the table. That is what we are trying to do. We are demonstrating that we are serious.”
He argued that sustained investment by African businesses was essential to unlocking the continent’s industrial and agricultural opportunities, while giving international investors the confidence to participate.
“Governments are always calling for foreign investors. But what attracts a foreign investor is a domestic investor,” he said. “We must demonstrate that we are doing something substantial in Africa so that others can join us.”
Photo Caption: Group President/Chief Executive, Dangote Industries Limited, Aliko Dangote (left), in conversation with the President of the Republic of Namibia, H.E. Dr Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, during the official launch of the Dangote Namibia Tank Farm and Regional Pipeline Investment in Walvis Bay, Namibia, recently.





