Oil
The petroleum and Industry Bill 2012 (Part iv)
In monitoring the prices of petroleum products, the Agency shall coordinate with other relevant authorities to – (a) inspect the metering of pumps and other facilities at retail outlets to ensure they conform to existing national standards , to the extent that any distortion of such metering is likely to affect the prices of petroleum products;
(b) any activity of any operator in the downstream petroleum sector that,
in the opinion of the Agency, is likely to adversely affect the prices of
petroleum products.
(2) In monitoring the prices of petroleum products, the Agency shall coordinate
with other relevant authorities to –
(a) inspect the metering of pumps and other facilities at retail outlets to
ensure they conform to existing national standards , to the extent that
any distortion of such metering is likely to affect the prices of petroleum
products;
(b) inspect all facilities at retail outlets to ensure that the products conform
to such quality standards as set by the Agency, to the extent that non–
compliance is likely to affect the prices of petroleum products; and
(c) inspect any facility used in the storage and transportation of petroleum
products in whatever quantity, whether used legally or otherwise, to
ensure that no petroleum product is transported or stored in a manner
capable of creating scarcity or artificial hikes in the price of the
products.
227. Offences
(1) A person shall not –
(a) obstruct or assault any officer of the Agency or any person authorised
by the Agency in the exercise of the powers conferred on to the Agency
under this Act;
(b) refuse any officer of the Agency access to any premises, facilities or
retail outlets, or refuse to submit to a search of any premises, facilities
or retail outlets by any authorised officer or agent of the Agency
(c) refuse to acknowledge the receipt of any summons by the Agency
issued and duly delivered to any person; or 120
(d) fail to comply with any lawful demand, notice, order or requirement of
an officer or authorised person of the Agency in the execution of the
officer’s duties under this Act.
(2) A person or company shall not –
(a) engage in refining, marketing, distributing or operating any petroleum
or gas processing plant or transmitting facilities, terminal or premises
without a valid licence;
(b) remove, destroy or damage any pipeline or other works or installations
utilised for the purpose of supplying petroleum products;
(c) furnish a statement or incomplete information calculated to mislead or
wilfully delay or obstruct the Agency and its officers in the exercise of
their duties;
(d) fail to cooperate with the Agency in its investigation of any suspected
crime or corrupt practice;
(e) discriminate among third parties in the allocation of capacity, access to
regulated open access facilities and payment of tariffs; or
(f) use or permit its pipelines, equipment, or other facilities to be used for
or in relation to the commission of any criminal or civil offence.
228. Penalty
(1) Any person who violates the provisions of section 226 of this Act commits an
offence and is liable on conviction to payment of a fine which shall be as
prescribed by the Minister in a regulation made pursuant to this Act.
(2) Where an offence has been committed under the provisions of section 227 of
this Act, the affected company or person shall discontinue the supply of
petroleum products until any damage, alteration, malfunction or loss has been
rectified and all safety issues have been resolved.
229. Dispute resolution
The Agency shall be responsible for mediating in disputes between downstream
operators or between downstream consumers and downstream operators in the
downstream petroleum sector in respect of all matters to which this Act pertains and
in accordance with the provisions of this Act. 121
B: SPECIFIC PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO GAS
230. Transportation pipeline owner licence
Notwithstanding the provisions of Oil Pipelines Act, the Agency may grant a
transportation pipeline owner licence, which may include the right to own, operate
and maintain a transportation pipeline within a route as defined in the licence.
231. Duties of a transportation pipeline owner license
(1) A transportation pipeline owner licensee shall undertake the activities
contemplated by the transportation pipeline owner licence in a manner best
calculated to comply with the obligations to:
(a) operate and maintain economical, safe and reliable transportation
infrastructure, taking into account any strategic plans that may be
formulated by the Agency;
(b) manage supply shortfalls and where feasible, meet requests of
customers for transportation above contractual volumes;
(c) shut down its transportation systems in emergencies and in order to
carry out maintenance;
(d) manage the transportation pipelines as a reasonable and prudent
operator; and
(e) do nothing that, in the opinion of the Agency , prevents, restricts or
distorts competition.
232. Conditions applicable
(1) In addition to such conditions as may be imposed by the Agency under the
terms of this Act, a transportation pipeline owner licensee shall –
(a) conduct its licensed activities safely and reliably in compliance with any
law then in force and prescribed health and safety regulations made
pursuant to this or any other Act;
(b) have due regard for the effect of its licensed activities on the
environment and comply with requirements for environmental
protection, management, and restoration under this Act and any
applicable law; and 122
(c) mark, maintain and secure the boundaries of any pipelines and
associated infrastructure constructed under the terms of its license
under any applicable law.
233. Transportation network operator licence
(1) The Agency may grant a transportation network operator license authorizing
the conduct of activities specified in the license, including:
(a) the conveyance of gas through the transportation network;
(b) balancing the inputs and off takes from the transportation network;
(c) providing third party access to the transportation network; and
(d) charging for the use of the transportation network.
234. General duties of a transportation network operator
(1) The transportation network operator shall exercise the rights and obligations
imposed on it in a manner best calculated to:
(a) operate an efficient and economical transportation network for the safe
and reliable conveyance of gas in such a manner as is designed to
meet all reasonable demands for gas;
(b) manage nominations and balancing mechanisms and an equitable
curtailment of gas transportation whenever technical or operational
expediencies so require;
(c) ensure equitable and transparent access to the transportation network;
(d) establish and publish terms and conditions for access to the network;
and
(e) enter into agreements with transportation pipeline owners, distributors,
and, where appropriate, wholesale customers, for connection to and
operation of the transportation network.
(f) develop the Network code for own network in line with guidelines for
the network code by the Agency.
235. Rights of a transportation network operator
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and to facilitate the conduct of its licensed
activities, the Agency may grant to a transportation network operator – 123
(a) the power to request and obtain from all users, information required to
operate the nominations and balancing mechanism, to operate the
network or to facilitate competition;
(b) the right to recover, on the basis of an invoice, expenses reasonably
incurred in undertaking its licensed activities subject to any restrictions
or conditions imposed by the Agency with respect to both the level and
structure of its charges; and
(c) the right to purchase gas for its own operations for purposes such as
testing and commissioning of facilities, for compression purposes and
for line fill.
236. Conditions applicable to a transportation network operator license
In addition to such conditions as may be imposed by the Agency pursuant to this
Part, a transportation network operator licence may include an obligation to develop
mutually agreeable market rules among stakeholders in accordance with the
provisions of this Act.
237. Gas Supply licence
(1) The Agency may grant a gas supply licence to supply gas into the
downstream petroleum sector.
(2) A producer of gas intending to supply gas into the downstream sector shall be
a qualified person within the meaning of the provisions of this Act and shall be
entitled to apply for and be issued a gas supply licence by the Agency.
(3) A gas supply licence shall authorize the licensee (“supplier”) to sell and deliver
gas to purchasers of gas at any location in Nigeria.
238. General duties of a Gas supplier
(1) A supplier shall undertake the activities contemplated by the supply licence in
a manner best calculated to comply with the obligations to:
(a) provide a reliable supply of gas to purchasers on request, provided that
it is economically feasible to do so; and
(b) do nothing that, in the opinion of the Agency, may prevent, restrict or
distort competition.
239. Rights of a supplier
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Part and to facilitate the conduct of its
licensed activities, the Agency may grant to a gas supply licensee specific
rights and powers which may include – 124
(a) the right to terminate gas supply to a customer in the event of nonpayment, following a notice period and disconnection procedure
specified in prescribed regulations;
(b) the right to recover from a customer, on the basis of an invoice, and
subject to any restrictions or conditions imposed by the Agency with
respect to both the level and structure of a licensee’s charges:
(i) all costs reasonably incurred in the supply of gas, inclusive of
the cost of gas, the cost of transportation and distribution of gas;
and
(ii) license fees.
(c) the right to enter a premises to remove meters, for the purpose of
reading meters, to test metering equipment and to disconnect
customers, such entry to be undertaken in accordance with a metering
code which shall be issued by the Agency..
(2) The sale of gas to wholesale customers by a gas supply licensee shall be
subject to the provisions of this Act.
240. Conditions applicable to a supply licensee
In addition to such conditions as may be imposed by the Agency pursuant to this
Part, a supply licensee shall –
(a) ensure a reliable and efficient supply of gas to customers on request;
(b) request security or apply a credit scoring methodology approved by the
Agency in deciding whether supply is economical;
(c) subject to safety and network capacity constraints, supply gas on request to a
customer capable of paying for connection to the gas transportation network;
(d) conduct licensed activities safely and reliably in compliance with any law in
force and any health and safety regulations issued pursuant to this or any
other Act; and
(e) comply with customer protection measures in accordance with the provisions
of this Act .
241. Gas Distribution licence
(1) The Agency may grant a gas distribution licence conferring exclusive right to
own and operate a gas distribution system and to distribute gas within a local
distribution zone. 125
(2) The holder of a distribution licence shall be entitled to apply for, hold and
operate a licence for the exclusive supply of gas within the local distribution
zone to customers that are not wholesale customers.
(3) In considering an application for a gas distribution licence, the Agency shall
consider the potential demand for its use.
(4) The geographical limits of each local distribution zone shall be defined in the
relevant distribution licence.
242. Obligations of a distribution licensee
The holder of a gas distribution licence shall undertake the activities contemplated by
the gas distribution licence in a manner best calculated to comply with the
obligations:
(a) to develop, operate and maintain an economical distribution network for the
safe and reliable conveyance of gas;
(b) to ensure a reliable and efficient distribution of gas to customers on request,;
(c) subject to safety and network capacity constraints, to distribute gas on request
to any customer capable of paying for connection to the distribution network;
(d) to conduct licensed activities safely and reliably, in compliance with any law
in force and any health and safety regulations issued pursuant to this or any
other Act;
(e) to connect all customers within its local distribution zone in accordance with
prescribed regulations, if it is economically practicable to do so;
(f) to co-operate with the Agency in the development of the Network Code;
(g) to offer and publish terms and conditions of access to its distribution network
as required;
(h) to comply with customer protection measures in accordance with the
provisions of this Act and any regulation made in pursuance of this Act; and
(i) to do nothing to prevent, restrict or distort competition.
243. Rights of the distribution licensee
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and in order to facilitate the conduct of its
licensed activities, the Agency may grant the holder of a distribution licence
the right to: 126
(a) enter the premises of a customer in order to read meters, to test
metering equipment or to disconnect customers and remove meters;
(b) recover on the basis of an invoice, costs reasonably incurred in the
provision of appropriate infrastructure, subject to any restriction or
conditions imposed by the Agency with respect to both the level and
structure of a distributor’s charges.
(2) Reasonably incurred costs referred to in subsection (1) of this section shall
include any amount paid to the Agency as fees.
244. Conditions applicable to a gas distribution licensee
(1) In addition to such conditions as may be imposed by the Agency pursuant to
this Act, or that may be prescribed by regulations issued pursuant to this Act,
each gas distribution licensee shall:
(a) conduct its licensed activities in accordance with safe and reliable
standards and in compliance with prescribed management, health, and
safety regulations issued pursuant to this Act or any other act;
(b) having due regard to the effect of its licensed activities on the
environment, comply with any requirements for environmental
protection, management, and restoration under this Act and any law in
force;
(c) mark, maintain and secure the boundaries of the pipelines constructed
as prescribed;
(d) comply with customer protection measures set out in this Act.
(2) The gas distribution licensee shall connect customers within its local
distribution zone in the manner prescribed by regulations issued pursuant to
this Act, provided that it is economical and practical to do so.
(3) The Agency shall settle any disputes that may arise in relation to the
distribution network.
245. Arrangements for gas distribution
The gas supply licensee shall consult stakeholders on proposed gas development
projects within its local distribution zone and shall duly consider all representations
received. 127
246. Network code
(1) In consultation with licensees and other stakeholders, the Agency shall
establish the guidelines for network code governing the operation of the
downstream gas network.
(2) The guidelines for the network code shall include –
(a) a connection policy, standard terms for connection to the transportation
network and distribution network, and a statement of the connection
charging methodology;
(b) a mechanism by which users reserve capacity in the transportation
network or distribution network, and, in the event that at any time there
is a greater demand for access than there is available capacity, a
mechanism for allocating capacity between users; and
(c) the nomination of:
(i) the seller of the wholesale gas being conveyed;
(ii) the purchaser of the wholesale gas being conveyed; or
(iii) a willing third party to take responsibility for matters that may
arise with respect to gas in transit through the network, such
matters to include the amount of gas injected into or withdrawn
from the network, nominating volumes, payment for the use of
the network and payment for overruns and shortfalls of gas;
(d) requirements for the provision of information to the transportation
network operator and the distributor about the volume, timing and flow
rate of injections into and withdrawals from the transportation network
or distribution network, as the case may be;
(e) the structure of charges and the applicable tariffs charged for using the
transportation network and distribution networks;
(f) where required, arrangements for balancing the wholesale gas being
conveyed;
(g) registration arrangements;
(h) metering, allocation and settlement arrangements; and
(i) governance arrangements.
(3) The Agency shall make copies of the guidelines for the network code
available to interested parties. 128
247. Wholesale gas market
(1) Following consultations with interested stakeholders, the Agency may request
the Minister to issue regulations:
(a) defining the class or classes of customers that, from time to time, shall
constitute wholesale customers under this Act; and
(b) specifying the qualifying criteria for such classification.
(2) Regulations made under subsection (1) of this section may be amended as
necessary to facilitate and encourage competition among suppliers, and any
amendment of such regulations which results in a change in the class of
customers shall not affect the rights and obligations of parties under gas
supply contracts entered into prior to such amendment.
248. Wholesale customers
Wholesale customers shall be entitled to secure gas from any gas supply licensee.
249. Third party access
(1) A person shall be permitted access to a transportation pipeline, a
transportation network or a distribution network, as the case may be, for the
purpose of having gas transported to points of consumption, subject to
compliance with the prescribed terms and conditions for access stated in the
Network Code of the particular pipeline.
(2) The Agency shall be primarily responsible for the development of guidelines
for the Network Code that shall set out standard terms and conditions for
connection to, access and use of the transportation and distribution networks.
(3) Where a transportation or distribution pipeline is isolated from the main
transportation network or distribution, the Agency shall develop separate
terms of access for such isolated transportation or distribution pipeline.
250. Access to gas transportation and gas distribution network
(1) Third party access to the gas transportation network and gas distribution
network shall be:
(a) on a non-discriminatory basis between system users with similar
characteristics;
(b) in respect of any available capacity, provided that such capacity is not
subject to a previous contractual commitment; 129
(c) in accordance with and governed by the terms and conditions of the
network codes approved by the Agency;
(d) on the condition that the applicant requiring access is or becomes a
party to and undertakes to comply with the applicable gas network
code; and
(e) subject to the pricing principles in sections 252 to 256 of this Act.
(2) Connection agreements may be entered into between:
(a) a gas customer and a gas distributor;
(b) a gas transportation pipeline owner and a gas transportation network
operator;
(c) a distributor and the transportation network operator, when a gas
distribution network connects to the main gas transportation network; or
(d) a supplier and a transportation pipeline owner or transportation network
operator.
251. Disputes in respect of third party access
(1) Disputes in respect of third party access may be mediated by the Agency.
(2) Any party not satisfy by the mediation of the Agency in connection with third
party access may seek redress at the Federal High Court.
252. Gas pricing
(1) Where the Minister on the advice of the Agency determines:
(a) that a particular licensed activity is a monopoly service;
(b) that competition has not yet developed to such an extent as to protect
the interests of customers; or
(c) that a particular licensee is a dominant provider,
then the Agency shall have the power to regulate the prices charged or the
revenues earned by licensees in respect of such activities, in a manner
consistent with the Agency’s duties under this Act and in accordance with the
pricing principles set out in section 253 of this Act.
(2) The Agency shall consult with licensees, industry participants and proposing
stakeholders before undertaking a price review or a methodology for to be 130
approved by the Minister regulating prices and revenues earned by licensees
providing monopoly or dominant services.
253. Gas pricing principles
In the exercise of its powers to regulate prices charged for downstream gas and the
revenues earned by downstream gas licensees, the Agency shall at all times be
guided by the following principles:
(a) gas prices shall be disaggregated into the component elements of the supply
chain, including the costs of wholesale gas, transportation, distribution and
supply;
(b) the prices charged for each licensed activity shall reflect the costs incurred for
the efficient provision of that activity;
(c) prices charged shall permit a reasonable return for licensees on their
investments; and
(d) prices shall not discriminate between customers with similar characteristics,
such as similar size or a similar consumption profile.
254. Approval and publication of charging structures and tariff and
pricing structures
(1) Subject to price or revenue regulations issued pursuant to this Act, all
licensees in the downstream gas sector shall:
(a) propose tariffs and tariff methodologies for the approval of the Agency,
prior to the application of such charges; and
(b) impose tariffs in accordance with such approval.
(2) Tariffs charged for the use of the gas transportation network shall reflect:
(a) efficient investment and capital costs;
(b) efficient operating and maintenance expenses; and
(c) a reasonable return to licensees on their investments.
(3) Regulated customer prices shall reflect:
(a) the reasonable costs incurred in the purchase of wholesale gas;
(b) the transportation tariff; 131
(c) the distribution tariff, if the customer is connected to a distribution
network;
(d) efficient supply charges covering billing, metering and other services
relating to gas supply; and
(e) a reasonable return for the supplier.
255. Wholesale gas prices
(1) Wholesale gas supply between a supplier and a customer shall be negotiated
directly between the parties on an arm’s length basis and the gas transfer
price between an upstream gas producer and a downstream gas purchaser
shall reflect the costs of transfer between the parties.
(2) The Agency shall have power to monitor wholesale gas supply transactions in
order to ensure that the transfer price between the wholesale gas supplier and
customer is undertaken on a transparent arms length basis.
(3) Within fourteen days of the conclusion of a wholesale gas transaction, the
supplier shall provide the Agency with information relating to the transaction
including, where applicable, the cost incurred by the gas producer in the
production and supply of the gas and all other information relevant to the price
at which the gas is sold.
(4) The information provided to the Agency by the supplier in compliance with the
provisions of subsection (3) of this section shall be classified by the Agency as
confidential information and may not be disclosed to any person or institution,
except the Service, for a period of five years commencing from the date of the
submission of the information to the Agency.
(5) If supplier without reasonable excuse fails to provide the required information
within fourteen days, supplier will be liable to pay a penalty not exceeding
N1,000,000 per day until he provides the information where the supplier
knowingly –
(a) conceals information required under subsection (3) of this section; or
(b) provides information which is false or misleading in any material
particular with respect to the information required in subsection (3) of
this section.
256. Transitional pricing arrangements
(1) Where the Agency finds it imperative, a transitional pricing plan setting out
temporary or transitional pricing arrangements that allow for a gradual
transition towards pricing arrangements that comply with the pricing principles 132
outlined in section 253 of this Act shall be introduced and implemented by the
Agency.
(2) The transitional pricing plan shall be formulated by the Agency in consultation
with the Ministers in charge of petroleum resources, finance, industries and
power and steel, and with gas producers, electricity producers, the National
Electricity Regulatory Commission and other key stakeholders.
(3) The transitional pricing plan shall:
(a) address cross-subsidies existing within the downstream gas sector
between customers, classes of customers, the gas sector and the
power and other industrial sectors at the effective date;
(b) include, such matters as:
(i) arrangements for eradicating the cross-subsidies referred to in
subsection (3) (a) of this section;
(ii) the prescription of the period during which transitional pricing
arrangements will apply;
(iii) implications for other parties and sectors;
(iv) actions required to implement the plan; and
(v) identification of the parties responsible for particular actions.
(4) Where the Agency considers it necessary in order to facilitate the
implementation of the transitional pricing plan, the Agency may impose
special temporary licence conditions on licensees during the transitional
period, which conditions shall not disadvantage any licensee in relation to
another licensee of the same class.
257. Determinations
(1) The Agency shall investigate any case of suspected anti-competitive behaviour
and make necessary determinations thereon as contemplated under sections
262 and 263 of this Act.
(2) The Agency may impose penalties if the licensee is adjudged to have
conducted its activities in a non-competitive manner.
(3) A determination made by the Agency in respect of any matter within this Part
shall be legally binding and may be appealed against at the Federal High
Court. 133
258. Consumer protection
(1) In order to protect the interests of customers, the Agency may advise the
Minister to issue regulations requiring suppliers or distributors, as the case
may be, and by such means as the regulations may specify:
(a) to publish their terms of supply or distribution;
(b) to establish or to facilitate the establishment of a forum at which customers
are able to express their views and to raise concerns;
(c) to formulate and adhere to such standards of performance as are, in its
opinion, necessary to ensure the safety, reliability and quality of supply and
distribution services to customers; and set penalties for failure to comply;
(d) to prepare and submit reports to the Agency indicating their performance
levels and the status of their operations in respect of licensed activities, at
such times as may be prescribed by regulations or in their respective licences,
and at least on an annual basis;
(e) to develop and adhere to customer service codes, setting out the practices
and procedures to be followed in the conduct of specified licensed activities
including but not limited to practices and procedures for:
(i) the installation, testing, maintenance and reading of meters;
(ii) fault repairs and responses to customer emergencies;
(iii) the connection and disconnection of customers;
(iv) responding to customer complaints and complaint resolution;
(v) billing and invoicing;
(vi) the extension of payment and credit facilities;
(vii) the provision of information to customers and the use and protection of
customer information; and
(viii) the establishment of special services for economically or socially
disadvantaged customers.
(2) All customer service codes shall be approved by the Agency prior to
publication and may be reviewed at intervals as may be considered necessary
by the Agency.
(3) Customer codes shall be made available to all customers on request. 134
(4) Licensees shall notify customers of customer service codes that must be
adhered to by licensees by advertising the availability of the customer service
codes in a form and manner prescribed in regulations issued pursuant to this
Act.
(5) In developing customer protection regulations, the Agency shall:
(a) consult with suppliers, distributors, and interested stakeholders; and
(b) take into account existing procedures, practices and standards.
259. Provision of service to customers
The Agency may, at its discretion and at such time or times as it deems appropriate,
designate distributors and suppliers of last resort to provide services to customers:
(a) in the event that an existing distributor for a local distribution zone or a
supplier becomes insolvent, or is unable to provide licensed services, or has
had its licence suspended or revoked;
(b) in the event that the distributor for a local distribution zone or supplier refuses
or fails to fulfil the terms of its licence to distribute or supply gas to customers;
and
(c) in such other circumstances as the Agency may deem appropriate, provided
that any reasonable additional costs associated with the obligation to act as
distributor or supplier of last resort will be recoverable through appropriate
charging arrangements agreed with the Agency.
260. Public service obligations
The Agency may, following consultations with licensees, customers, and other
interested stakeholders, advise the Minister to issue regulations imposing public
service obligations on licensees in relation to matters including, but not limited to:
(a) security of supply;
(b) economic development and the achievement of wider economic policy
objectives;
(c) environmental protection; and
(d) health and safety.
261. Public service levy
(1) Where the Agency considers that it is in the wider public interest, the Agency
shall make recommendations to the Minister to issue regulations providing for 135
the recovery of any additional costs incurred in complying with the public
service obligations, through a public service levy, which may be imposed on
customers.
(2) The amount of and mechanism for the collection and remittance of the public
service levy imposed on each customer shall be set out in guidelines issued
pursuant to this section.
262. Competition and market regulation
A licensee or any other person having the ability to influence the terms and
conditions on which licensed activities are performed and the price at which
petroleum products are supplied shall not –
(a) make it a condition for the provision or supply of a product or service that any
person acquiring such a product or service will be required to acquire or not to
acquire any other product or service either from the licensee or from any other
licensee, person or entity;
(b) enter into any contract, arrangement collaboration or understanding, whether
legally enforceable or not, which provides for or permits the fixing of tariffs,
prices or charges for the purpose of, or in such a manner as to, manipulate
market prices or the price of any product or service;
(c) engage in or conduct its activities, directly or indirectly, for purpose of market
sharing;
(d) permit, allow, influence, direct or indirect exclusion of, or the imposition of any
embargoes or boycotts on, another licensee, operator or supplier of
equipment or apparatus; or
(e) engage in any other conduct that the Agency deems anti-competitive.
263. Power of the Agency to determine abuse of market power
(1) The Agency shall have the responsibility to prevent and take action against
anti-competitive behaviour in the downstream gas sector.
(2) Where in the opinion of the Agency there is, or may be, or there exists a
likelihood of, anti-competitive behaviour and in particular an abuse of market
power, the Agency may:
(a) issue cease and desist orders as may be required;
(b) require and compel the disclosure of information from such licensees;
(c) undertake inquiries and investigations; 136
(d) levy fines which shall be set out in regulations issued pursuant to this
Act from time to time.
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, where there is an application by
a licensee or other person with the ability to influence the price of gas in the
downstream sector, and where the Agency considers that it would be in the
national interest or that it would be necessary to preserve or promote the
benefits of a properly functional and effectively competitive downstream gas
market, the Agency may—
(a) give written approval for a specific activity upon such terms and
conditions as the Agency may deem appropriate;
(b) in issuing the approval, impose such requirements as it deems fit and
require such undertakings as it deems appropriate from the applicant
as a condition precedent to the issuance of the approval;
(c) withdraw an approval of a specific activity that it has granted subject to
such terms and conditions as it may, in its absolute discretion,
designate; and
(d) advise the Minister to make regulations to prevent or mitigate any
conduct that may or is likely to lead to unlawful exercise of market
power that will prevent customers from obtaining the benefits of a
properly functioning and competitive downstream gas market.
(4) Nothing in subsections (1) (2) and (3) of this section shall be construed to
preclude or restrict the right of the Agency or any person to seek an injunction
against any conduct prohibited in this Part.
(5) Any person who wishes to proceed to court or to arbitration for the
enforcement of any of the provisions of this Part shall first notify the Agency.
(6) The Agency shall, until such time as a Federal agency having the power to
pronounce upon, administer, monitor and enforce compliance with anticompetition laws is established and functional, have the exclusive
competence to determine, pronounce upon, administer, monitor and enforce
compliance with the provisions of this Act relating to anti-competition and with
any competition laws and regulations that govern or relate to the downstream
gas sector whether or not they are of a general or specific nature.
(7) In the exercise of its powers under subsection (6) of this section, the Agency
may consider:
(a) the relevant economic market;
(b) global trends in the relevant economic market; 137
(c) the effect on the number of competitors in the market and their
respective market shares;
(d) the effect on barriers to entry into the market;
(e) the effect on the range of services in the market;
(f) the effect of the conduct on the cost and profit structures in the market;
(g) the ability of any independent licensee or operator to make price or
tariff regulating decisions; and
(h) any other matters which the Agency deems relevant.
264. Competition and market monitoring
(1) The Agency shall have responsibility to monitor the state of the gas market so
as:
(a) to determine whether the downstream gas sector is ready for an
increased level of competition in retail and supply services in order that
it may advise the Minister to issue regulations which allow for
increased level of competition in retail and supply services;
(b) to determine whether there is a need for an organised market for
wholesale gas in order that it may take the relevant steps pursuant to
this Act to develop a wholesale market arrangement;
(c) to assess whether the downstream gas sector is operating properly or
whether the existing market arrangements may constitute barriers to
entry into the market for new players;
(d) to determine whether there is any anti-competitive activity being carried
on, in which case the Agency will be required to exercise its powers
under this Act to prevent the continuance of such activity;
(e) to determine any pre-conditions and any transitional arrangements
required for any services to be offered competitively.
(2) To enable the Agency to discharge its responsibilities under sub-section (1)of
this section and in particular, to determine whether there is, or may be, an
abuse of market power, the Agency shall have power to:
(a) require and compel the disclosure of information from licensees; and 138
(b) undertake inquiries and investigations.
(3) Where, in the opinion of the Agency there has been an abuse or a threatened
abuse of market power, the Agency may serve a notice on such company or
person specifying the abuse or threatened abuse, and of its intention to issue
a cease and desist order.
(4) The Agency shall publish a notice –
(a) specifying the actual or threatened contravention;
(b) directing the company or person to whom the notice is issued to, or not
to do, such things as it may specify;
(c) specifying the remedy and the timescale for compliance; and
(d) notifying the company or person to whom the notice is issued of its
intention to issue a cease and desist order or to levy a fine not
exceeding N50,000,000.00 provided that such fine shall not exceed
10% of the annual turnover of the company or person for the preceding
year.
(5) The Agency shall publish the notice in the form and manner specified in the
prescribed regulations and shall invite the company or person to whom the
notice is issued and any other interested parties to make representations
against or in support of the notice by a specified date.
(6) Where the company or person to whom the notice is issued fails to comply
with a notice served pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, the Agency
may issue a cease and desist order.
(7) Failure to comply with an order issued under subsection (6) of this section
shall be an offence punishable by a fine not exceeding N50,000,000.00 and
the revocation of the relevant licence where that company or person is a
licensee.
(8) A cease and desist order may not be issued nor a fine imposed if:
(a) the company or person to whom the notice is issued is able to
demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Agency that it has not abused or
is not threatening to abuse its market power; or
(b) the company or person to whom the notice is issued has ceased to
abuse or has ceased from the threat to abuse its market power.
(9) Where a person has ceased to abuse or has ceased from the threat to abuse
its market power, and it is found that such threat or threat of abuse was 139
deliberate, the Agency may impose an appropriate penalty which shall be
prescribed in regulations issued pursuant to this Act.
265. Offences and penalties
(1) A person shall not –
(a) cause damage to any infrastructure, plant or equipment belonging to a
downstream products or gas licensee, including fittings, meters,
apparatus or equipment;
(b) alter the operation of any meter, equipment or apparatus including
those used for measuring the quantity or quality of petroleum products
or gas supplied;
(c) prevent any meter, equipment or apparatus including items used for
measuring or registering the quantity of petroleum products or gas
supplied from functioning accurately or properly such as or registering
the quantity of petroleum products or gas supplied; or
(d) otherwise destroy, interfere with or remove the meters, equipment or
apparatus of a licensee without the permission of the licensee.
(2) Any person convicted for intentionally committing any of the offences listed in
subsection (1) of this section shall be liable to—
(a) pay a penalty not exceeding N100,000,000.00; and
(b) reimburse the licensee for any petroleum products or gas illegally taken
and for any damage to the licensee’s equipment, provided that—
(i) where the person is unable to pay the penalty or to reimburse
the licensee, the person or, in the case of a company, every
officer responsible for the management of the company shall be
liable to imprisonment for a period of not less than two years and
not more than five years unless, the officer proves to the strictest
standard that all reasonable precautions were taken and due
diligence exercised to prevent the commission of the offence;
and
(ii) the Agency may, as necessary, adjust the amount of the penalty
stipulated in subsection (a) of this section by regulations issued
pursuant to this Act, to reflect current rates of inflation.
(3) A person convicted for negligently committing any of the offences listed in
subsection (2) of this section shall be liable to:
(a) pay a penalty not exceeding N2,000,000.00; and 140
(b) reimburse the licensee for any gas illegally taken and for any damage
to the licensee’s equipment, provided that:
(i) where such person is unable to pay the penalty or to reimburse
the licensee, the person or, in the case of a company, every
officer responsible for the management of the company, shall be
liable to imprisonment for a period of not less than six months
and not more than two years unless, having regard to the nature
of the person or officers functions in that capacity and to all
circumstances, the officer proves that all reasonable precautions
were taken and due diligence was exercised to prevent the
commission of the offence; and
(ii) the Agency may, from time to time adjust the amount of the
penalty stipulated in subsection (a) of this section by regulations
issued pursuant to this Act, to reflect current rates of inflation.
(4) Where an offence has been committed under subsection (1) of his section, the
supplier may, discontinue the supply of gas until any damage, alteration,
malfunction or loss has been rectified and all safety issues resolved.
266. Prohibition on the wrongful use of equipment
A licensee shall not use or permit its pipeline, equipment or other facilities to be used
in, for, or in relation to, the commission of any criminal or civil offence, and each
licensee shall:
(a) upon a written request from the Agency or any other lawful or duly
empowered Agency, assist the Agency or such lawful authority, in preventing
the commission or attempted commission of any criminal offence under this
Act or any other laws in force in the Federal Republic of Nigeria, including but
not limited to those affecting the public revenue and the preservation of
national security;
(b) not be liable for any act or for any omission done in good faith, in respect of
any act or omission arising from the performance of a duty or obligation
imposed by the Agency or other lawful authority.
267. Penalty not prescribed
(1) Where no specific penalty is prescribed for any offence under this Part, a
person who contravenes any of the provisions of this Part or any regulations
issued pursuant to this Part commits of an offence and liable on conviction –
(a) as a first offender, to:
(i) a fine not exceeding N2,000,000.00 or to such other amount as
may be prescribed in regulations issued pursuant to this Part; 141
(ii) imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years; or
(iii) both fine and imprisonment.
(b) for subsequent convictions, to:
(i) a fine not exceeding N10,000,000.00 or such other amount as
may be prescribed in regulations issued pursuant to this Part;
(ii) imprisonment for a period not exceeding five years; or
(iii) to both fine and imprisonment.
(2) The Agency may, where necessary, adjust the amount of the penalty
stipulated in subsection (1) of this section through regulations, to reflect
current rates of inflation.
268. Penalty for refusal to furnish return or supply information
(1) Any person who:
(a) fails or refuses to furnish a return or to supply information to the
Agency or any other duly empowered lawful authority at the time and in
the manner prescribed;
(b) who furnishes a false or incomplete return;
(c) supplies false or incomplete information; or
(d) wilfully delays or obstructs the Agency, its officers, an inspector or
police officer in the exercise of the powers or duties conferred or
imposed on the Agency under this Act; or
(e) conceals, fails or refuses, without reasonable cause, to supply
information required by the Agency or any duly empowered lawful
authority at the time and in the manner prescribed or when required to
do so,
commits an offence and liable to a fine not exceeding N20,000,000.00 or to
imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year or to both fine and
imprisonment
(3) The Minister may, adjust the amount of the penalty, fines or other impositions
stipulated in this Act by regulations, to reflect current rates of inflation every five
years.
142
C: DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY OBLIGATION
269. Domestic gas market management
(1) The Inspectorate and Agency shall regulate the gas sector, in accordance
with the National Master Plan for Gas (“National Gas Master Plan”) this Act
and policies of the Government from time to time.
(2) The National Gas Master Plan referred to in subsection (1) of this section shall
be the plan updated by the Minister from time to time for the sustainable
development and utilization of the natural gas resources ofNigeria.
(3) The Agency shall at the beginning of each calendar year:
announce the update of the gas demand requirement (“Domestic Gas
Demand Requirement”) which shall be the aggregate of the quantity of gas
required to meet the gas demand for the strategic sectors, as determined by
Government from time to time, within the domestic economy for a specific
period of time, not exceeding twenty years;
(4) The Inspectorate shall allocate the Domestic Gas Demand Requirement to
every petroleum mining lessee by means of a domestic gas supply obligation
(“Domestic Gas Supply Obligation”), which for each lessee will be a function
of gas production and proven gas reserves;
(5) The Agency shall require the Domestic Gas Aggregator to establish an
aggregate price for gas (“Aggregate Gas Price”) for only the volume of the
Domestic Gas Demand Requirement, which shall be based on the weighted
average of the purchase prices and supplied volumes of the purchased gas,
and shall be used by the Domestic Gas Aggregator as a basis for gas supply
to the domestic market.
(6) The Agency may mediate on all issues of conflict between purchasers and
suppliers.
(7) Any person dissatisfied with any determination made by the Agency in
connection with subsection (6) of this section may seek re-dress at the
Federal High Court.
270. Gas Management model
(1) The Inspectorate and the Agency shall:
(a) implement a gas management model, through which the demand and
supply of gas for utilization within Nigeria shall be monitored; 143
(b) ensure transparency of dealings between gas suppliers and purchasers
with respect to the volumes of gas being marketed under its
jurisdiction;
(c) monitor gas sales purchase agreements to ensure that they are in
conformity with the national gas pricing policy and regulations.
(2) The gas management model pursuant to subsection (1) of this section shall
be a supply and demand model to analyze pipeline quality gas availability
from the petroleum mining leases and to compare the volume with the
demand of gas by the strategic sectors and other domestic projects, as
determined by the Government.
(3) The Inspectorate and the Agency shall have the power to:
(a) ensure that the domestic gas demand requirement is being met,
through the implementation of the Domestic Gas Supply Obligation;
(b) ensure a balanced growth of domestic gas projects, through the
availability of adequate volume of gas to the strategic sectors;
271. Franchise areas for gas processing facilities
The Inspectorate shall take such measures as appropriate to create franchise areas
for gas processing facilities in Nigeria to support the National Gas Master Plan.
272. Penalties for non-compliance with the Domestic Gas Supply
Obligation
(1) Any supplier who does not comply with the Domestic Gas Supply Obligation
as specified by the Agency shall:
(a) pay a penalty as may be prescribed by regulations.
(b) not supply gas to any export project for the period that the supplier is
not complying with the Domestic Gas Supply Obligations, unless it can
demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Agency that –
(i) the non-compliance is caused by force-majeure; or
(ii) has made reasonable commercial endeavours to make gas
available.
(2) Where the supplier continues to fail to comply with the Domestic Gas Supply
Obligations for a period in excess of three months, the gas export licence of
such supplier may be revoked. 144
273. Gas export
(1) Any export of gas shall require a gas export licence issued by the Agency for
a certain volume of natural gas for a specified period of time.
(2) Any company intending to export gas, shall submit an application for a gas
export licence pursuant to such guidelines as the Agency may determine from
time to time.
(3) Export licences may be refused by the Agency, where the Agency has
determined that the exports of gas from Nigeria are not in the national interest
due to insufficiency of available proved gas reserves to supply to long term
domestic market, provided that the Agency shall not interfere with contracted
gas export capacity being undertaken under an export licence.
(4) Where the domestic gas market in Nigeria and export markets reach a level of
maturity that is reflective of fully competitive conditions, the Agency may
recommend to the Minister on the process and activities aimed at deregulating
the unwinding regulated gas market.
274. General gas market provisions
Nothing in this Part shall limit any purchaser or supplier to enter into any gas sales
and purchase agreement for the domestic market under such terms and conditions
as they may freely decide, for volumes that are in excess of the Domestic Gas
Supply Obligation.
D: GAS FLARING (PROHIBITION AND PUNISHMENT)
275. General terms
Natural gas shall not be flared or vented after a date (‘the flare-out date’) to be
prescribed by the Minister in regulations made pursuant to this Part, in any oil and
gas production operation, block or field, onshore or offshore, or gas facility such as,
processing or treatment plant, with the exception of permits granted under
subsection (1) of section 277 of this Act.
276. Gas flaring plan
(1) The oil and gas operators with flared gas resources shall within six months of
the commencement of this Act categorize all of their flared gas resources
(daily flare quantity, reserve, location, composition) and submit this data along
with gas utilization plans to the Inspectorate for the gas they intend to utilize
before the flare out date as stated in section 275 of this Act. 145
(2) The Inspectorate shall approve the categorization within sixty days of receipt
of the plan and shall post all approved plans, data of planned natural gas
resource and unplanned natural gas resources on the Inspectorate’s website
for public consumption.
277. Prohibition of flaring
(1) A person shall not direct, permit or otherwise aid, empower or authorize any
company engaged in petroleum operations to flare or vent gas with the
exception of such permits granted under this section.
(2) The Minister may grant a permit of not more than one hundred days, or such
longer period as may be approved by the Minister, to flare or vent gas in
cases of start-up, equipment failure, shut down, safety flaring or due to
inability of Gas customer to off-take-Gas.
(3) Any licensee or lessee who flares or vents gas without the permission of the
Minister in the circumstances mentioned in subsection (2)(b) of this section
shall be liable to pay a fine which shall not be less than the value of the gas
flared.
278. Gas utilization plan
(a) A licence or lease for the production of oil and gas whether onshore, offshore
or deepwater shall not be granted to any applicant unless the application for
such a licence or lease is accompanied by a comprehensive programme
acceptable to the Minister, for the utilization or reinjection of natural gas.
(b) No licence or lease for the production of oil and gas in Nigeria shall be
granted to any applicant unless the Minister is satisfied with the applicant’s
gas utilization programme.
(c) The utilization programme referred to in this section, shall be in consonance
with the National Gas Master Plan, Domestic Gas Supply Obligation, and
national policies as may be made in respect of the gas sector from time to
time by the Government.
279. Gas flaring measurement
(1) The volumes of gas flared from any facility engaged in petroleum operations
shall be measured using the metering equipment specified from time to time
by the Inspectorate.
(2) Within three months from the effective date, each licensee or lessee shall
install the metering equipment specified in regulation on every facility in its
operations from which gas is flared or vented.146
280. Gas flare reports
(1) After the flare-out date, any person, group of persons or community may
lodge a documented report of gas flaring or venting with the nearest office of
the Inspectorate.
(2) The Inspectorate shall appoint an officer to receive and record reports of gas
flaring or venting.
(3) An officer appointed pursuant to subsection (2) of this section who receives a
report of gas flaring or venting shall within forty-eight hours of receipt of such
report, inspect the facility where gas is allegedly being flared, verify the
authenticity of the report to determine the cause of the gas flaring, the date
when the gas flaring commenced and the volumes of gas flared or vented
from the facility each day.
(4) The officer shall submit a report of the verification exercise to the Inspectorate
within seven days of his visit to the facility from which gas is being flared or
vented.
(5) Where the Inspectorate determines that the report of gas flaring is authentic
and that the flared gas does not fall within any of the exceptions specified in
section 277 of this Act, it may at its discretion, impose the fine specified in
subsection (3) of section 277 in respect of the volumes of gas flared or vented
from that facility or issue a shut down order mandating the shut-down of the
facility in question or both.
(6) On receipt of a shut down order, the operator of the facility shall comply with
the order within forty-eight hours from the time of receipt of the shut down
order.
281. Gas flaring offences and penalties
Any licensee or lessee who flares gas after the flare-out date contrary to
section 275, commits an offence under this Act, and shall be liable on
conviction to pay a fine which shall not be less than the value of gas flared or
vented pursuant to subsection (3) of section 277;
Provided that –
(i) the penalty for currently flared gas, without a permit pursuant to
subsection (1) of section 277 of this Act or certificate pursuant
subsection (2) of section 283, shall be the aggregate gas price until
after the flare-out date as prescribed by the Minister when the new
penalty regime shall commence;
(ii) in the case of third party utilization, penalties will only be imposed at
the end of the approved project schedule or the flare-out date 147
whichever is later; and
(iii) for flares accessed through third party contractors, penalties will be
imposed on third party accessing companies which have signed
contracts for the gas, and not on the licensee of the field from which the
gas is being accessed.
(b) The penalty payable on the volume of gas flared by any person from the
Effective Date, and for each day the flare or vent continues shall also be made
public by the Inspectorate and the licensee separately and independently
within a maximum of 60 days of the offence.
(2)(a) It shall be an offence to fail, refuse or neglect to forward or lodge a gas flare
report or to falsify any report under section 257 of this Act to the Inspectorate
for appropriate action.
(b) A person who commits an offence under paragraph (a) of this subsection is
liable on conviction to three months imprisonment or an option of fine of not
less than the value of fifty per cent of the volume of gas flared or vented.
282. Power to make regulations
(1) The Minister may immediately after the Effective Date, on the advice of the
Inspectorate make regulations to prescribe:
(a) the manner in which any order, directive, or application in accordance
with the provisions of this Act shall be made and the form to be used.
(b) the procedure for making a gas flare report, recording and filing of
report, publication of shut down order;
(c) the terms and conditions for reviewing where the Minister deems fit in
the national interest, without jeopardizing the health, safety and the
environment of any affected community, a shut down order for the
purpose of re-opening a field, group of fields or facility shut down
pursuant to the provisions of this Act.
(d) generally for carrying into effect the purposes and provisions of this
Act.
(2) (a) The Inspectorate shall ensure that gas flared or vented is documented with
information on the site (including the longitude, latitude, local
government area and ward, daily volume and gas reserves) within
ninety days of the Effective Date.
(b) The field operators responsible for each of these flares or vents shall
put together project designs for gas utilization or reinjection. 148
(c) project plans are to be submitted to the Minister within 90 days of the
Effective Date.
(d) The plans, pursuant to paragraph (c) of this subsection, shall be
deemed to have been acceptable and approved if the Minister does not
respond in the negative to any plan formally submitted by the operators
within sixty days of submitting the plans to the Minister’s office.
(3) (a) The Inspectorate shall maintain a gas source database where all
unplanned flares or vents are to be posted and made public.
(b) any unplanned gas shall be considered free for third party bids.
(4) (a) The Agency shall be responsible for developing and publishing
guidelines for evaluating project process and where the facility
milestone target is not met, the project sponsor may be liable to delay
penalties or forfeit its gas concession.
(b) The delay penalty shall be the equivalent of the prevailing fine as
contained in paragraph (a) of subsection (1) of section 281 of this Act
with a 20 per cent surcharge.
(c) Where such delays are beyond the reasonable control of the project
sponsor, the Minister may on the recommendations of the Agency
provide for regulations to accommodate such delays.
283. Special considerations
The certificates issued under section 3(2) of the Associated Gas Re-Injection
Act, prior to the Effective Date shall continue to have effect until they lapse.
PART VI
INDIGENOUS PETROLEUM COMPANIES
284. General terms
(1) This Part applies to:
(a) oil prospecting licences and oil mining leases held, whether at or before the
Effective Date, by indigenous petroleum companies; and
(b) to petroleum operations undertaken pursuant to such licences and leases. 149
285. Non-participation by the Federal Government
Participation by the Federal Government in accordance with the provisions of this Act
or any law in force shall not be applicable to petroleum operations carried out by
indigenous petroleum companies whose aggregate production from petroleum
operations is not more than twenty-five thousand barrels per day of crude oil or its
natural gas equivalent.
286. Production by indigenous petroleum companies
An indigenous petroleum company whose aggregate production of crude oil and gas
is not more than twenty-five thousand barrels per day or its natural gas equivalent
may be allowed to produce up to the technical allowable output set for the licence or
lease, by the Inspectorate.
287. Regulations and Guidelines for indigenous petroleum companies
The Minister shall, in consultation with the Inspectorate, issue regulations or
guidelines prescribing clearly defined targets and programmes for continuously
increasing the level of indigenous participation in the Nigerian petroleum industry and
to generally give effect to the provisions of this Act which regulations or guidelines
shall include:
(a) targets for indigenous petroleum reserves; and
(b) production personnel content and measurable parameters for determining the
level of indigenous participation.
288. Review of participation of indigenous petroleum companies
Pursuant to section 287 of this Act, the Minister shall not later than three months
after the Effective Date and thereafter at intervals of two years, undertake a general
review of the set targets, parameters and programmes for continuous increase in the
level of indigenous participation in the Nigerian petroleum industry and set such new
targets, parameters and programmes as shall be necessary to give full effect to the
provisions of this Act.
PART VII
HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT
289. Responsibility over the environment
(1) Without prejudice to the overall responsibility of the Federal Ministry of
Environment for the environment of Nigeria, the Inspectorate and the Agency 150
shall have responsibility in their respective areas over all aspects of health,
safety and environmental matters in respect of the petroleum industry.
(2) The Inspectorate and Agency in their respective areas shall at all times ensure
the enforcement of other environmental laws, regulations, guidelines and
directives issued by the Federal Ministry of Environment and other relevant
Government agencies.
(3) For the avoidance of doubt the Inspectorate and Agency in their respective
areas shall, in consultation with the Ministry of Environment, make regulations
and issue directives specifically relating to environmental aspects of the
petroleum industry.
290. Compliance with health regulations
Every company engaged in activities requiring a licence, lease or permit in the
upstream and downstream sectors of the petroleum industry in Nigeria, shall comply
with all environmental health and safety laws, regulations, guidelines or directives as
may be issued by the Federal Ministry of Environment, the Minister, the Inspectorate
or the Agency, as the case may be.
291. Conduct of operations
Every company engaged in activities requiring a licence, lease or permit in the
upstream and downstream petroleum industry in Nigeria shall conduct its operations
in accordance with internationally acceptable principles of sustainable development
which includes the necessity to ensure that the constitutional rights of present and
future generations to a healthy environment is protected.
292. Obligations of licensee, lessee and contractors
Every company engaged in activities requiring a licence, lease or permit in the
upstream and downstream sectors of the petroleum industry shall:
(a) support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges;
(b) encourage the development and use of environmentally friendly technologies
for exploration and development in Nigeria.
(c) comply with the relevant requirements of environmental guidelines and
standards approved for the petroleum industry in Nigeria.
293. Duty to restore the environment
(1) Any person engaged in activities requiring a licence, lease or permit in the
upstream and downstream petroleum industry shall: 151
(a) manage all environmental impacts in accordance with the licensee or
lessee’s environmental management plan or programme, as approved
by the Agency.
(b) as far as it is reasonably practicable, rehabilitate the environment
affected by exploration and production operations, whenever
environmental impacts occur as a result of licensees and lessees
operations:
(i) to its natural or pre-existing state before the operations or
activities as a result of which the environmental impact occurred;
or
(ii) to a state that is in conformity with generally accepted principles
of sustainable development;
(2) Subject to subsection (1) of this section, the licensee or lessee shall not be
liable for, or under an obligation, to rehabilitate where the act adversely
affecting the environment has occurred as a result of sabotage of petroleum
facilities, which also includes tampering with the integrity of any petroleum
pipeline and storage systems.
(3) Where there is a dispute as to the cause of an act that has resulted in harm to
the environment, the licensee, lessee or any affected person or persons shall
refer the matter to the Agency for a determination and the determination of the
Agency shall be final.
(4) Where the act referred to in subsection (3) of this section is found to have
occurred as a result of sabotage, costs of restoration and remediation shall be
borne by the local government and the State governments within which the
act occurred.
294. Development programmes
From the Effective Date, the Agency shall undertake an annual comprehensive
review of the impact of development programmes and practices by petroleum
companies in all sectors of the industry since the inception of the petroleum industry
in order to identify potential areas of conflict or areas that may lead to possible unrest
in the areas of operation.
295. Utilisation of good oil field practices
Every licensee, lessee and contractor engaged in petroleum operations in the
petroleum industry shall utilise good oil field practices in the course of their
operations within the country. 152
296. Compensation
(1) The holder of a petroleum exploration licence, petroleum prospecting licence
or petroleum mining lease shall, in addition to any liability for compensation to
which the holder may be subject under any other provision of this Act, be
liable to pay fair and adequate compensation for the disturbance of the
surface of the land or any other rights to any person who owns or is in lawful
occupation of the licensed or leased lands, in accordance with written
guidelines issued by the Agency.
(2) The rates of compensation contained in the guidelines referred to in
subsection (1) of this section shall be arrived at through a consultative
process and the Agency shall update the guidelines issued annually to reflect
rates of inflation and any other relevant factors.
297. Publications
Every year, all licensees, lessees and contractors and service companies in the
upstream petroleum industry shall publish the criteria used for the location of
community development projects and other social investment initiatives within their
respective areas of operation.
298. Penalties and sanctions
Any person or company who violates the provisions of this Part is liable to sanctions,
including payment of fines as prescribed by the Inspectorate and the Agency in
consultation with the Minister.
PART VIII
PROVISIONS ON TAXATION IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
A. NIGERIAN HYDROCARBON TAX
299. Imposition of the Nigerian hydrocarbon tax
(1) There shall be levied upon the profits of each accounting period of any
company engaged in upstream petroleum operations during that period, a tax
to be known as the Nigerian Hydrocarbon Tax (”the tax”) which shall be
charged assessed and payable in accordance with the provisions of this Part.
(2) The due administration of this Part relating to the assessment and collection
of the tax referred to in subsection (1) of this section shall be under the
supervision and management of the Service. 153
(3) The Service may do all such acts as are necessary and expedient for the
assessment and collection of the tax and shall account for all amounts
collected.
300 Power and duties of the Service in the administration of the tax
(1) In the exercise of the powers and duties conferred upon the Service under this
Part, the Service shall be subject to the authority, direction, and control of the
Minister and any written direction, order or instruction given by the Minister
after consultation with the Chairman of the Service shall be carried out by the
Service.
(2) The Minister shall not give any direction, order or instruction in respect of any
particular company which would have the effect of requiring the Service to
raise an additional assessment upon such company or to increase or
decrease any assessment made or to be made or any penalty imposed or to
be imposed upon or any relief given or to be given to or to defer the collection
of any tax, penalty or judgment debt due by such company, or which would
have the effect of altering the normal course of any proceedings, whether civil
or criminal, relating either to the recovery of any tax or penalty or to any
offence relating to the tax.
(3) every claim, objection, appeal, representation or the like made by any person
under any provision of this Part or of any subsidiary legislation made
thereunder shall be made in accordance with this Part;
(4) In any claim or matter or upon any objection or appeal under this Part, any
act, matter or thing done by or with the authority of the Service, in pursuance
of any provisions of this Part shall not be subject to challenge on the ground
that such act, matter or thing was not or was not proved to be done in
accordance with any direction, order or instruction given by the Minister.
(5) For the purpose of this Part, reference to the Minister, where the context so
admits in this Part refers to the Minister responsible for matters relating to
Finance.
301. Signification and execution of powers and duties
(1) Anything required to be done by the Service, in relation to the powers or
duties specified in the Third Schedule to this Act, may be signified under the
hand of the Chairman of the Service or any other duly authorised officer of the
Service.
(2) Any authorisation given by the Service under this Part shall be signified under
the hand of the Chairman of the Service unless such authority is published in
the Gazette. 154
(3) Subject to subsection (1) of this section, any notice or other document to be
given under this Part shall be valid if –
(a) it is signed by the Chairman of the Service or by any person authorised
by him; or
(b) such notice or document is printed and the official name of the Service
is duly printed or stamped thereon.
(4) Every notice, authorisation or other document purporting to be a notice,
authorisation or other document duly given and signified, notified or bearing
the official name of the Service, in accordance with the provisions of this
section, shall be deemed to be so given and signified, notified or otherwise
without further proof, until the contrary is shown.
302. Confidentiality requirements
(1) Every person having any official duty or being employed in the administration
of this Part shall treat and deal with all documents, information, returns,
assessment lists and copies of such lists relating to the income, chargeable
profits and related items of any company, as secret and confidential.
(2) A person appointed under or employed to carry out functions under this Part
shall not be required to produce in any court, any return, document or
assessment, or to divulge or communicate to any court any matter or thing
coming under his notice in the performance of his duties under this Part
except as may be necessary for the purpose of carrying into effect the
provisions of this Part, or in order to institute a prosecution, or in the course of
a prosecution for any offence committed in relation to the provisions of this
Part.
(3) Where under any law in force in any territory outside Nigeria provision is made
for the allowance of relief from income tax and similar tax in respect of the
payment of income tax and similar tax in Nigeria or for the exemption of
income from income tax and similar taxes in respect of income subject to
income tax and similar taxes in Nigeria, the obligation as to secrecy imposed
by this section shall not prevent the disclosure to the authorised officers of the
government in that territory of such facts as may be necessary to enable the
proper relief or exemption to be given in cases where relief or exemption is
claimed from income tax and similar taxes in Nigeria or from income tax and
similar taxes in that territory.
(4) For the purposes of subsection (3) of this section, tax (as defined in this Part)
shall be regarded as a tax similar to an income tax.
(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, the Service may permit the
Auditor-General of the Federation or any officer duly authorised in that behalf
to have access to any records or documents as may be necessary for the 155
performance of his official duties, and the Auditor-General of the Federation or
any such officer shall be deemed to be a person employed in carrying out the
provisions of this Part.
303. Rules and Forms
(1) The Minister may, from time to time, make rules generally for the carrying out
of the provisions of this Part.
(2) The Service may, from time to time, specify the form of returns, claims,
statements and notices required for the purpose of this Part.
304. Ascertainment of profits, adjusted profits, assessable profits and
chargeable profits.
(1) Subject to any express provisions of this Part, in relation to any accounting
period, the profits of that period of a company shall be taken to be the
aggregate of:
(a) the proceeds of sale of all chargeable oil, chargeable gas chargeable
condensate or bitumen sold by the company in that period; and
(b) the value of all chargeable oil, chargeable gas chargeable condensate
or bitumen disposed of by the company in that period.
(c) all income of the company of that period incidental to and arising from
any one or more of its upstream petroleum operations.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) (b) of this section, the value of any
chargeable oil, chargeable gas, chargeable condensate or bitumen disposed
of shall be taken to be the aggregate of:
(a) the value of that oil, gas, condensate or bitumen as determined at the
measurement point in accordance with the provisions of any enactment
applicable thereto;
(b) any cost of extraction of that oil, gas, condensate or bitumen deducted
in determining its value as referred to in paragraph (a) of this
subsection; and
(c) any cost incurred by the company in the transportation and storage of
that oil, gas, condensate or bitumen between the field of production
and the place of its disposal.
(3) The adjusted profit of an accounting period shall be the profits of that period
after the deductions allowed by subsection (1) of section 305 of this Act and
any adjustments to be made in accordance with the provisions of section 307
of this Act. 156
(4) The assessable profit of an accounting period shall be the adjusted profit of
that period after any deduction allowed by section 312 of this Act.
(5) The chargeable profits of an accounting period shall be the assessable profits
of that period after the deduction allowed by section 312 of this Act.
305. Deductions Allowed
(1) In computing the adjusted profit of any company for any accounting period
from its upstream petroleum operations, there shall be deducted all outgoings
and expenses wholly, exclusively, necessarily and reasonably incurred by
such company, during that period for the purpose of those operations,
including but without otherwise expanding or limiting, the generality of the
foregoing:
(a) rents incurred by the company for that period in respect of land or
buildings occupied under a petroleum prospecting license or a
petroleum mining lease for disturbance of surface rights or any other
like disturbances;
(b) all non-productive rents, the liability for which was incurred by the
company during that period;
(c) all royalties, the liability for which was incurred by the company during
that period in respect of natural gas sold and actually delivered to any
customer or disposed of in any other commercial manner;
(d) all royalties, the liability for which was incurred by the company during
that period in respect of crude oil or condensate won in Nigeria;
(e) all royalties, the liability for which was incurred by the company during
that period in respect of bitumen won in Nigeria;
(f) all sums the liability for which was incurred by the company to the
Government during that period by way of customs or excise duty or
other like charges levied in respect of machinery, equipment and goods
used in the company’s upstream petroleum operations;
(g) sums incurred by way of interest upon any money borrowed by such
company, where the Service is satisfied that the interest was payable
on capital employed in carrying on its upstream petroleum operations
except interest incurred in upstream petroleum operations under a
Production Sharing Contract
(h) any expense incurred for repair of premises, plant, machinery, or
fixtures employed for the purpose of carrying on upstream petroleum
operations or for the renewal, repair or alteration of any implement,
utensils or articles so employed; 157
(i) debts directly owed to the company and proved to the satisfaction of
the Service to have become bad or doubtful in the accounting period
for which the adjusted profit is being ascertained, notwithstanding that
such bad or doubtful debts were due and payable prior to the
commencement of that period:
Provided that-
(i) the deduction to be made in respect of a doubtful debt shall not
exceed that portion of the debt which is proved to have become
doubtful during that accounting period, nor in respect of any
particular debt shall it include any amount deducted under the
provisions of this paragraph in determining the adjusted profit of
a previous accounting period;
(ii) all sums recovered by the company during that accounting
period on account of amounts previously deducted in respect of
bad or doubtful debts shall, for the purposes of subsection (1)(c)
of section 304 of this Act, be treated as income of that company
of that period; and
(iii) it is proved to the satisfaction of the Service that the debts in
respect of which a deduction is claimed were either-
(aa) included as a profit from the carrying on of upstream
petroleum operations in the accounting period in which
they were incurred; or
(ab) advances made in the normal course of carrying on
upstream petroleum operations not being advances on
account of any item falling within the provisions of section
306 of this Act;
(ac) All sums set aside, in a fund by the company as
decommissioning and abandonment expenditure, under
the terms determined by the Inspectorate, provided that:
(i) any company that has claimed deduction on any
amount set aside for decommissioning and
abandonment shall not claim further deduction
upon incurring the decommissioning and
abandonment expenditure except on amount
incurred in excess of the money set aside for that
purpose;
(ii) any amount in excess of that expended for the
decommissioning and abandonment shall be
treated as taxable income. 158
(j) any expenditure (tangible or intangible) directly incurred in connection
with the drilling of an exploration well and the next two appraisal wells
in the same field whether the wells are productive or not;
(k) any other expenditure, including intangible and tangible costs directly
incurred in connection with the drilling and appraisal of development
wells, but excluding an expenditure which is qualifying expenditure for
the purpose of the Fourth Schedule to this Act, and any expense or
deduction in respect of a liability incurred which is deductible under any
other provision of this section;
(l) where a deduction may be given under this section in respect of any
expenditure, that expenditure shall not be treated as qualifying drilling
expenditure for the purpose of the Fourth Schedule.
(m) any contribution to a pension, provident or other society, scheme or
fund in line with the provisions of the Pensions Reform Act:
Provided that any sum received by or the value of any benefit obtained
by such company, from any approved pension, provident or other
society, scheme, or fund, in any accounting period of that company
shall, for the purposes of subsection (1)(c) of section 304 of this Act, be
treated as income of that company of that accounting period;
(n) all sums, the liability of which was incurred by the company during that
period to the Federal Government, or to any State or Local
Government Council in Nigeria by way of duty, customs and excise
duties, stamp duties, education tax, taxes (other than the tax imposed
by this Act) or any other rate, fee or other like charges;
(o) such other deductions as may be prescribed by any rule made under
this Act.
(p) contributions made to the Petroleum Host Communities Fund in
accordance with the provisions of this Act.
(2) Where a deduction has been allowed for a company under this section in
respect of any liability of the company and such liability or any part thereof is
waived or released, the amount of the deduction or the part thereof
corresponding to such part of the liability shall, for the purposes of subsection
(1)(c) of section 304 of this Act, be treated as income of the company for its
accounting period in which such waiver or release was made or given.
306. Deductions Not Allowed
Subject to the express provisions of this Act, for the purpose of ascertaining the
adjusted profit of any company of any accounting period from its upstream petroleum
operations, no deduction shall be allowed in respect of – 159
(a) any disbursement or expenses not being wholly and exclusively laid out or
expended, or any liability not being a liability wholly or exclusively incurred, for
the purpose of those operations;
(b) any capital withdrawn or any sum employed or intended to be employed as
capital;
(c) any capital employed in improvement as distinct from repairs;
(d) any sum recoverable under any insurance or contract of indemnity;
(e) rent or cost of repair to any premises or part of any premises not incurred for
the purpose of those operations;
(f) any amount incurred in respect of any income tax, profit tax, or similar tax
whether charged within Nigeria or elsewhere except tax imposed in
accordance with the Education Tax Act;
(g) the depreciation of any premises, buildings, structures, work of a permanent
nature, plant, machinery or fixtures;
(h) any payment to any provident, savings, widows, orphans or other society,
scheme or fund except such payments are allowed under subsection (1)(m) of
section 305 of this Act;
(i) any customs duty on goods (including articles or any other thing) imported by
the company –
(i) for resale or for personal consumption of employees of the company, or
(ii) where goods of the same quality to those so imported are produced in
Nigeria and are available, at the time the imported goods were ordered
by the company for sale to the public at prices less or equivalent to the
cost to the company of the imported goods.
(j) any expenditure for the purchase of information relating to the existence and
extent of petroleum deposits.
(k) any expenditure for the purpose of paying a penalty or fee relating to:
(a) gas flaring; and
(b) domestic gas supply obligations;
(l) any signature bonuses, production bonuses or other bonuses due on a lease
or on the renewal of a lease;
(m) all general, administrative and overhead expenses incurred outside Nigeria in
excess of one percent of the total annual capital expenditure; 160
(n) twenty percent of any expense, other than pursuant to paragraph (m),
incurred outside Nigeria, except where such expenditure relates to the
procurement of goods or services or goods and services which are not
available domestically in the required quantity and quality and subject to the
approval of the Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board;
(o) any legal and arbitration costs related to cases against the Service or the
Government, unless specifically awarded to the company during the legal or
arbitration process;
(p) costs incurred prior to the establishment of the company in Nigeria;
(q) any cost resulting from any arrangement or event that arises from fraud or
wilful misconduct or negligence on the part of the company;
(r) insurance costs where such costs are earned by the company or an affiliate of
the company; and
(t) costs or fees incurred in obtaining and maintenance of a performance bond
under a Production Sharing Contract.
307. Exclusion of Certain Profits
Where a company engaged in upstream petroleum operations undertakes the
transportation of chargeable oil, chargeable gas, chargeable condensate or bitumen
by ocean going oil-tankers pipeline, or other vessels operated by or on behalf of the
company from Nigeria to another territory then such adjustments shall be made in
computing an adjusted profit or a loss as shall have the effect of excluding therefrom
any profit or loss attributable to such transportation.
308. Artificial Transactions, etc.
(1). Where the Service is of the opinion that any disposition is not in fact given
effect to or that any transaction which reduces or would reduce the amount of
any tax payable is artificial or fictitious, the Service may disregard any such
disposition and direct that such adjustments shall be made as respects liability
to tax as the Service considers appropriate in accordance with its transfer
pricing rules so as to counteract the reduction of liability to tax effected, or
reduction which would otherwise be effected, by the transaction and the
companies concerned shall be assessed accordingly.
(2) In this Section, the expression “disposition” includes any trust, grant,
covenant, agreement or arrangement.
(3) For the purpose of this section, transactions deemed to be artificial or
fictitious, include;161
(a) transactionsbetween persons one of whom has control over the other;
or
(b) transactions between persons both of whom are controlled by some
other person which, in the opinion of the Service, have not been made
on the terms which might fairly have been expected to have been made
by independent persons engaged in the same or similar activities
dealing with one another at arm’s length.
(4) Nothing in this section shall prevent the decision of the Service in the exercise
of any discretion given to the Service by this section from being questioned in
an appeal against an assessment as provided under this Part and on the
hearing of any such appeal, the appropriate courtmay confirm or vary any
such decision including any directions made under this section.
309. Assessable profits and losses
(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the assessable profits of any
company for any accounting period shall be the amount of the adjusted profit
of that period after the deduction of the amount of any loss incurred by that
company during any previous accounting period.
(2) A deduction under subsection (1) of this section shall be made so far as
possible from the amount, if any, of the adjusted profit of the first accounting
period after that in which the loss was incurred, and, so far as it cannot be so
made, then from the amount of the adjusted profit of the next succeeding
accounting period and so on.
(3) Within five months after the end of any accounting period of a company, or
within such further time as the Service may permit in writing in any instance,
the company may elect in writing that a deduction or any part thereof to be
made under this section shall be deferred to and be made in the succeeding
accounting period, and may so elect from time to time in any succeeding
accounting period.
310. Trade or business sold or transferred to Nigerian company
(1) Without prejudice to section 320 of this Act, where a trade or business of
upstream petroleum operations carried on in Nigeria by a company
incorporated under any law in force in Nigeria is sold or transferred to a
Nigerian company for the purposes of better organisation of that trade or
business or the transfer of its management to Nigeria and any asset employed
in that trade or business is so sold or transferred, then, if the Service is
satisfied that one of those companies has control over the other or that both
companies are controlled by some other person or are members of a
recognised group of companies, the provisions set out in subsection (2) of this
section shall have effect. 162
(2) Where subsection (1) of this section applies, the Service may in its discretion-
(a) if, on or before the date on which the trade or business is so sold or
transferred, the first sale of or bulk disposal of chargeable oil,
chargeable gas, chargeable condensate or bitumen by or on behalf of
the company selling or transferring the trade or business has occurred,
but the first sale of or bulk disposal of chargeable oil, chargeable gas,
chargeable condensate or bitumen by or on behalf of the Nigerian
company acquiring that trade or business has not occurred –
(i) direct that the first accounting period of the Nigerian company
shall be the period of twelve months commencing on the date on
which the sale or transfer of the trade or business takes place,
or commencing on such date within the calendar month in which
the sale or transfer takes place as may be selected by the
Nigerian company with the approval of the Service, and
(ii) for the purposes of subparagraph (i) of this , an accounting
period as respects the Nigerian company shall be a period of
twelve months commencing on the date on which the sale or
transfer of the trade or business to the Nigeria company takes
place or commencing on such date within the calendar month in
which the sale or transfer takes place as may be selected by the
Nigerian company with the approval of the Service, and the
definition of “accounting period” in section 2(a) of this section
shall be construed accordingly, but without prejudice to the
continued application in respect of the Nigerian company of the
provisions of paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) of that definition;
(b) direct that for the purposes of the Fourth Schedule an asset sold or
transferred to the Nigerian company by the company selling or
transferring the trade or business shall be deemed to have been sold
for an amount equal to the residue of the qualifying expenditure on the
asset on the day following the day on which the sale or transfer thereof
occurred; and
(c) direct that the Nigerian company acquiring the asset so sold or
transferred shall not be entitled to any initial allowance in respect of
that asset, and shall be deemed to have received all allowances given
to the company selling or transferring the trade or business in respect
of the asset under the Fourth Schedule and any allowances deemed to
have been received by that company under the provisions of this
section provided that the Service in its discretion-
(i) may require the company selling or transferring the trade or
business, or the Nigerian company acquiring that trade or
business, to guarantee or give security, to the satisfaction of the 163
Service, for payment in full of all tax due or to become due from
the company selling or transferring the trade or business, and
(ii) may impose such conditions as it deems fit on either of the
companies earlier mentioned or on both of them, and in the
event of failure by that company or as the case may be, those
companies to carry out or fulfill the guarantee or conditions, the
Service may revoke the direction and may make all such
additional assessments or repayment of tax as may be
necessary to give effect to the revocation.
(3) In this section –
(a) “Nigerian company” means any company the control and management
of whose activities are exercised in Nigeria; and
(b) references to a trade or business shall include references to any part of
the trade or business.
311. Call for returns and information relating to certain assets
For the purpose of section 310 of this Act, the Service may by notice require any
person, including a company to which any assets are sold or transferred, to complete
and deliver to the Service any returns specified in the notice or any such information
as the Service may require about the assets and it shall be the duty of that person to
comply with the requirements of any such notice within the period specified in the
notice, not being a period of less than twenty-one days from the service of the notice.
312. Chargeable profits and allowances
(1) The chargeable profits of any company for any accounting period shall be the
amount of the assessable profits of that period after the deduction of any
amount to be allowed in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(2) There shall be computed the aggregate amount of all allowances due to the
company under the provisions of the Fourth and Fifth Schedules to this Act for
the accounting period.
(3) The amount to be allowed as a deduction under subsection (1) of this section
in respect of the said allowances shall be the aggregate amount computed
under subsection (2) of this section.
(4) Where the total amount of the allowances computed under subsection 2 of
this section cannot be deducted under subsection (1) of this section owing to
insufficiency of or no assessable profits of the accounting period, such total
amount or the part thereof which has not been so deducted as the case may
be, shall be added to the aggregate amount to be computed under subsection
(2) of this section for the following accounting period of the company, and 164
thereafter shall be deemed to be an allowance due to the company, under the
provisions of the Fourth and Fifth Schedules to this Act for that following
accounting period.
313. Assessable Tax
(1) The assessable tax for any accounting period of a company shall be a
percentage of the chargeable profits for that period aggregated separately as
follows:
(a) 50% for onshore and shallow water areas
(b) 25% for bitumen, frontier acreages and deep water areas:
(2) Where a company carries on upstream petroleum operations in a
geographical area or areas that are subject to more than one tax rate as
provided under subsection (1) of this section, tax at the appropriate rates shall
be levied on the proportionate parts of the chargeable profits arising from
those operations.
314. Chargeable Tax
(1) A company engaged in upstream petroleum operations which executed a
Production Sharing Contract with NNPC. a shall be entitled to a general
production allowance as applicable in the Fifth Schedule to this Act..
315. Additional Chargeable Tax Payable in Certain Circumstances
(1) If, for any accounting period of a company, the amount of the chargeable tax
for that period, calculated in accordance with the provisions of this Act other
than this section, is less than the amount mentioned in subsection (2) of this
section, the company shall be liable to pay an additional amount of
chargeable tax for that period equal to the difference between the two
amounts.
(2) The amount referred to in subsection (1) of this section is for any accounting
period of a company, the amount which the chargeable tax for that period,
calculated in accordance with the provisions of this Act, would come to if, in
the case of crude oil exported from Nigeria by the company, the reference in
paragraph (a) of subsection (1) of section 304 of this Act to the proceeds of
sale thereof were a reference to the amount obtained by multiplying the
number of barrels of that crude oil by the relevant sum per barrel.
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) of this section the relevant
sum per barrel of crude oil, or condensate exported by a company
is the selling price of the company. 165
(4) The whole of any additional chargeable tax payable by a company by virtue of
this section for any accounting period shall be payable concurrently with the
final instalment of the chargeable tax payable for that period apart from this
section, and shall be assessed and be paid by the company accordingly under
the provisions of this Act.
(5) Every relevant sum per barrel established as mentioned earlier shall bear a
fair and reasonable relationship:
(a) to the established official selling price of Nigerian crude oil of
comparable quality and gravity, if any; or
(b) if there are no such established official selling price for such Nigerian
crude oil, to the official selling price at main international trading export
centres for crude oil of comparable quality and gravity, due regard
being had in either case to freight differentials and all other relevant
factors.
(6) References in this section to crude oil include references to condensate.
(7) Where any crude oil which in relation to a particular company is chargeable oil
is exported from Nigeria otherwise than by that company, that crude oil shall,
for the purposes of this section, be deemed to be exported from Nigeria by
that company.
316. Partnership
(1) Any person (other than a company) who engages in upstream petroleum
operations either on his own account or jointly with any other person or in
partnership with any other person with a view to sharing profits arising from
those operations commits an offence under this Act.
(2) Where the person referred to in subsection (1) of this section has benefitted
from any profits on upstream crude oil operations, such person shall be
subject to tax under this Act on such profits and shall pay a penalty as
provided for under section 343 of this Act.
(3) Where two or more companies are engaged in upstream petroleum
operations either in partnership, in a joint venture or in concert under any
scheme or arrangement, the Service may with the approval of the Minister,
make rules for the ascertainment of the tax to be charged and assessed upon
each company so engaged.
(4) Any such rules may make provisions consistent with this Part with respect to
apportionment of any profits, outgoings, expenses, liabilities, deductions,
qualifying expenditure and the tax chargeable upon each company, or may
provide for the computation of any tax as if the partnership, joint adventure,
scheme or arrangement were carried on by one company and apportion that 166
tax between the companies concerned or may accept some other basis of
ascertaining the tax chargeable upon each of the companies which may be
put forward by those companies and such rules may contain provisions which
have regard to any circumstances whereby such operations are partly carried
on for any companies by an operating company whose expenses are
reimbursed by those companies.
(5) Rules made under this section may be of general application for the purposes
of this section and this Part or of particular application to a specified
partnership, joint adventure, scheme or arrangement.
(6) Rules made under this section may be amended or replaced from time to
time.
(7) The effect of any such rules shall not impose a greater burden of tax upon any
company so engaged in any partnership, joint venture, scheme or
arrangement than would have been imposed upon that company under this
Part if all things enjoyed, done or suffered by such partnership, joint venture,
scheme or arrangement had been enjoyed, done or suffered by that company
in the proportion in which it enjoys, does or suffers those things under or by
virtue of that partnership, joint venture, scheme or arrangement.
317. Company to file tax returns
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Part , every company, including a
contractor in a Production Sharing Contract arrangement, shall be responsible for
reporting its own upstream petroleum operations profits, outgoings, expenses, and
for paying the tax chargeable on its upstream petroleum operations.
318. Manager of companies etc, to be answerable
The manager or any principal officer in Nigeria of every company which is or has
been engaged in upstream petroleum operations shall be answerable for doing all
such acts as are required to be done by virtue of this Act for the assessment and
charge to tax of such company and for payment of such tax.
319. Winding up of companies
(1) Where a company is being wound up or where in respect of a company a
receiver has been appointed by any Court, by the holders of any debentures
issued by the company or otherwise, the company may be assessed and
charged to tax in the name of the liquidator of the company, the receiver or
any agent in Nigeria of the liquidator or receiver and may be so assessed and
charged to tax for any accounting period whether before, during or after the
date of the appointment of the liquidator or receiver. 167
(2) Any such liquidator, receiver or agent shall be answerable for doing all such
acts as are required to be done by virtue of this Act for the assessment and
charge to tax of such company and for payment of such tax.
(3) The liquidator or receiver shall not distribute any assets of the company to the
shareholders or debenture holders of the company unless he liquidator has
made provision for the payment in full of any tax which may be found payable
by the company or by such liquidator, receiver or agent on behalf of the
company.
320. Avoidance by Transfer
Where a company which is or was engaged in upstream petroleum operations
transfers a substantial part of its assets to any person without having paid any tax,
assessed or chargeable upon the company, for any accounting period ending prior to
such transfer and in the opinion of the Service, a reason for such transfer by the
company was to avoid payment of the tax, then, that tax as charged upon the
company may be sued for and recovered from that person in a manner similar to a
suit for any other tax under section 340 of this Act.
321. Indemnification of representative
Every person answerable under this Act for the payment of tax on behalf of a
company may retain out of any money in or coming to his hands or within his de
facto control on behalf of such company so much of such monies as shall be
sufficient to pay such tax, and shall be indemnified against any person whatsoever
for all payments made by him in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
322. Preparation and delivery of accounts and particulars
(1) Every company which is or has been engaged in upstream petroleum
operations shall for each accounting period of the company, make up
accounts of its profits or losses, arising from those operations, of that period
and shall prepare the following particulars –
(a) a computation of its adjusted profit or loss and of its assessable profits
of that period with its completed self assessment form.
(b) in connection with the Fourth Schedule to this Act, a schedule showing-
(i) the residual value at the end of that period in respect of its
assets;
(ii) all qualifying petroleum expenditure incurred by it in that period;
(iii) the values of any of its assets (estimated by references to the
provisions of that Schedule) disposed of in that period; and168
(iv) the allowances due to it under that Schedule for that period.
(c) in connection with the Fifth Schedule to this Act, a schedule showing its
total production allowances from all its upstream petroleum operations;
(d) a computation of its chargeable profits of that period;
(e) a statement of all amounts repaid, refunded, waived or released to it,
during that period; and
(f) a computation of its tax for that period.
(2) Every company which is or has been engaged in upstream petroleum
operations shall, with respect to any accounting period of the company, within
five months after the expiration of that period or within five months after the
date of publication of this Act in the Gazette upon enactment (whichever is
later) deliver to the Service a copy of its accounts (bearing an auditor’s
certificate) of that period, made up in accordance with the provisions of
subsection (1) of this section, and copies of the particulars referred to in that
subsection relating to that period, and such copies of those accounts and
each copy of those particulars (not being estimates) shall contain a
declaration which shall be signed by a duly authorised officer of the company
or by its liquidator, receiver or the agent of such liquidator or receiver, that the
same is true and complete and where such copies are estimates each copy
shall contain a declaration, similarly signed, that such estimate was made to
the best of the ability of the person signing the same.
(3) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this section, every company which is
yet to commence bulk sale or disposal of chargeable oil chargeable natural
gas, of this Act shall file with the Service its audited accounts and returns:
(a) in the case of a newly incorporated company, within eighteen months
from the date of its incorporation;
(b) in the case of any other company, within six months after any period
ending on 31
st
December of the following year provided that where
there is an interval between 31st December of the preceding year and
the date on which such company commences the bulk sale or disposal
of chargeable oil chargeable gas, chargeable condensate or bitumen
the interval shall be deemed to form part of the preceding period.
323. Request for further information
The Service may give notice in writing to any company which is or has been
engaged in upstream petroleum operations when and as often as the Service may
deem necessary, requiring it to furnish within such reasonable time as may be
specified by such notice, fuller or further information as to any of the matters either 169
referred to in section 322 of this Act or as to any other matters which the Service
may consider necessary for the purposes of this Act.
324. Power to call for returns, books, etc
(1) For the purpose of obtaining full information in respect of any company’s
upstream petroleum operations, the Service may give notice to such company
requiring it within the time limited by such notice, which time shall not be less
than twenty-one days from the date of service of such notice, to complete and
deliver to the Service any information called for in such notice and in addition
or alternatively requiring an authorised representative of such company or its
liquidator, receiver or the agent of such liquidator or receiver, to attend before
the Service or its authorised representative on such date or dates as may be
specified in such notice and to produce for examination, books, documents,
accounts and particulars which the Service may deem necessary.
(2) Where a company assessable to tax under the provisions of this Act fails or
refuses to keep books or accounts which, in the opinion of the Service are
adequate for the purpose of ascertaining the tax, the Service may by notice in
writing require it to keep such records, books and accounts as the Service
considers to be adequate in such form and in such language as the Service
may in the said notice direct and, subject to the provisions of subsections (3)
and (4) of this section, the company shall keep records, books and accounts
as directed.
(3) An appeal shall lie from any direction of the Service made under this section
to the High Court.
(4) On hearing such appeal, the Court may confirm or modify such direction and
any such decision shall be final.
325. Returns of estimated tax
(1) Not later than two months after the commencement of each accounting
period, a company engaged in upstream petroleum operations shall submit to
the Service a return, the form of which the Service may prescribe, of its
estimated tax for such accounting period.
(2) If, at any time during any such accounting period the company having made a
return as provided for in subsection (1) of this section is aware that the
estimate in such return requires revision, then it shall submit a further return
containing its revised estimated tax for such period.
(3) Where the further returns provided for under subsection (2) of this section is
not made, the Service shall impose interest at the prevailing LIBOR plus two
percentage points for the differential of the revised tax over the estimated tax
paid by the company. 170
(4) Every return made by a company engaged in upstream petroleum operations
in fulfilment of the provisions of this section shall be subject to review and
validation by the Service.
(5) Where a company does not provide the estimates pursuant to subsection (1)
of this section, the Service shall have the right to determine such estimates on
the best of judgement basis and impose same on the company.
326. Extension of period for making returns
Where it is shown by any company to the satisfaction of the Service that for good
reasons the company is not able to comply with the provisions of section 322 of
this Act within the time limited by that section or any notice given to it under section
323 or 324 of this Act within the time limited by any such notice, the Service may
grant in writing such extension of that time as the Service may consider necessary.
327. Self assessment of tax payable
(1) Every company liable to file tax returns as provided under section 322 of this
Act shall file self-assessment returns, within the specified period, showing the
tax payable by the company for the accounting period.
(2) Where a company has delivered accounts and particulars, including the self
assessment returns for any accounting period of the company, the Service
may –
(a) accept the same; or
(b) refuse to accept the same and proceed as provided in subsection (3) of
this section upon any failure as therein mentioned.
(3) Where, for any accounting period of a company, the company has failed to
deliver accounts and particulars provided for in section 322 of this Act within
the time limited by that section or has failed to comply with any notice given
to it under the provisions of sections 323 or 324 of this Act within the time
specified in such notice or within any extended time provided for in section
324 of this Act and the Service is of the opinion that such company is liable to
pay tax, the Service may estimate the amount of the tax to be paid by such
company for that accounting period and make an assessment accordingly, but
such assessment shall not affect any liability otherwise incurred by such
company by reason of its failure or neglect to deliver such accounts and
particulars or to comply with such notices; and nothing in this subsection shall
affect the right of the Service to make any, additional assessment under the
provisions of section 328 of this Act. 171
328. Additional Assessments
(1) If the Service discovers or is of the opinion at any time that, with respect to
any company liable to tax, that tax has not been charged and assessed upon
the company or has been charged and assessed upon the company at a less
amount than that which ought to have been charged and assessed for any
accounting period of the company, the Service may within six years after the
expiration of that accounting period and as often as may be necessary,
assess such company with tax for that accounting period at such amount or
additional amount as in the opinion of the Service ought to have been charged
and assessed, and may make any consequential revision of the tax charged
or to be charged for any subsequent accounting period of the company.
(2) Where a revision under subsection (1) of this section results in a greater
amount of tax to be charged than has been charged or would otherwise be
charged, an additional assessment, or an assessment for any such
subsequent accounting period shall be made accordingly, and the provisions
of this Act as to notice of assessment, objection, appeal and other
proceedings under this Act shall apply to any such assessment or additional
assessment and to the tax charged thereunder.
(3). For the purpose of computing under subsection (1) of this section the amount
or the additional amount of tax for any accounting period of a company which
ought to have been charged, all relevant facts consistent which subsection (3)
of section 335of this Act shall be taken into account even though not known
when any previous assessment or additional assessment on the company for
that accounting period was being made or could have been made.
(4) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this section, where any form of fraud,
wilful default or neglect has been committed by or on behalf of any company
in connection with any tax imposed under this Act, the Service may, at any
time and as often as may be necessary, assess the company on such amount
as may be necessary for the purpose of recovering any loss of tax attributable
to the fraud, wilful default or neglect.
329. Making of assessments, etc.
(1) Assessments of tax shall be made in such form and in such manner as the
Service shall authorise and shall contain the names and addresses of the
companies assessed to tax or of the persons in whose names such
companies (with the names of the companies) have been assessed to tax,
and in the case of each company for each of its accounting periods, the
particular accounting period and the amount of the chargeable profits of and
assessable tax and chargeable tax for that period.
(2) When any assessment requires to be amended or revised, a form of amended
or revised assessment shall be made in a manner similar to that in which the 172
original of that assessment was made under subsection (1) of this section but
showing the amended or revised amount of the chargeable profits, assessable
tax and chargeable tax.
(3) A copy of each assessment, and of each amended or revised assessment
shall be filed in a list which shall constitute the Assessment List for the
purpose of this Act.
330. Notices of assessment, etc.
(1) The Service shall cause to be served personally on or sent by registered post
to each person who is liable to this tax but fails to file self-assessment returns,
a notice of assessment stating its accounting period and the amount of its
chargeable profits, assessable tax and chargeable tax charged and assessed
upon the company, the place at which payment of the tax should be made,
and informing such company of its rights under subsection (2) of this section.
(2) If any person in whose name an assessment was made in accordance with
the provisions of this Part disputes the assessment, that person may apply to
the Service, by notice of objection in writing, to review and revise the
assessment so made on him and such application shall be made within
twenty-one days from the date of service of the notice of such assessment
and shall state the amount of chargeable profits of the company of the
accounting period in respect of which the assessment is made and the
amount of the assessable tax and the tax which such person claims should be
stated on the notice of assessment.
(3) The Service, upon being satisfied that owing to absence from Nigeria,
sickness or other reasonable cause, the person in whose name the
assessment was made was prevented from making the application within
such a period of twenty-one days shall, extend the period as may be
reasonable in the circumstances.
(4) After receipt of a notice of objection referred to in subsection (2) of this
section, the Service may within such time and at such place as the Service
shall specify, require the person giving the notice of objection to furnish such
particulars as the Service may deem necessary, and may by notice within
such time and at such place as the Service shall specify, require any person
to give evidence orally or in writing in respect of any matter necessary for the
ascertainment of the tax payable, and the Service may require such evidence
if given orally, to be given on oath or if given in writing, to be given by affidavit.
(5) In the event of any person assessed who had objected to an assessment
made upon him agreeing with the Service as to the amount of tax liable to be
assessed, the assessment shall be amended accordingly, and the notice of
the tax payable shall be served upon such person. 173
(6) If an applicant for revision under the provisions of subsection (2) of this
section fails to agree with the Service on the amount of the tax, the Service
shall give such applicant notice of refusal to amend the assessment as
desired by such applicant, and may revise the assessment to such amount as
the Service may determine and give such applicant notice of the revised
assessment of the tax payable together with notice of refusal to amend the
revised assessment and, wherever required, any reference in this Act to an
assessment or to an additional assessment shall be treated as a reference to
an assessment or to an additional assessment as revised under the
provisions of this subsection.
331. Errors and defects in assessment and notice
(1) No assessment, warrant or other proceeding purporting to be made in
accordance with the provisions of this Act shall be quashed, or deemed to be
void or voidable, for want of form, or be affected by reason of a mistake,
defect or omission therein, if the same is in substance and effect in conformity
with or according to the intent and meaning of this Act or any Act amending
the same, and if the company assessed or intended to be assessed or
affected thereby is designated therein according to common intent and
understanding.
(2) An assessment shall not be impeached or affected-
(a) by reason of a mistake therein as to-
(i) the name of a company liable or of a person in whose name a
company is assessed; or
(ii) the amount of the tax;
(b) by reason of any variance between the assessment and the notice
thereof, if in cases of assessment, the notice is duly served on the
company intended to be assessed or on the person in whose name the
assessment was to be made on a company, and such notice contains,
in substance and effect, the particulars on which the assessment is
made.
332. Income tax computation
(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any law, all income tax
computations made under this Part shall be made in the currency in which the
transaction was effected.
(2) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any law, any assessment made
under section Error! Reference source not found. of this Act shall be made in the
currency in which the computation giving rise to the assessment was made. 174
G. COURT PROCEEDINGS
333. Redress against Assessment
Any person (being a company or, a person in whose name a company is assessed)
aggrieved by an assessment made upon him, or who has failed to agree with the
Service as referred to in section 330(6) of this Act, may seek redress against such
assessment from the Federal High Court within thirty days after the date of the
Service upon such person or company of the notice of the refusal of the Service to
amend the assessment as desired, provided that not withstanding the lapse of such
period of thirty days, by not more than a further period of sixty days, such person or
company may seek redress against such assessment from the Federal High Court if
good cause is shown to the satisfaction of the Federal High Court why redress
against such assessment was not sought within thirty days.
334. Suits at the Federal High Court
Notwithstanding the provisions of section 333, any person or company aggrieved by
or dissatisfied with any tax imposed upon it by the Service or with any other action of
the Service or who has any complaint, objection, claim, set off, representation or other
grievance arising from the provision of this Part whether against the Service or any
other taxable person or government agency may seek redress in respect thereof at
the Federal High Court.
333. Assessment to be final and conclusive
(1) Where no valid objection or appeal has been lodged within the time provided
under sections 330, and 331 of this Act, as the case may be, against an
assessment as regards the amount of the tax assessed, or where the amount
of the tax has been agreed to under subsection (5) of section 330 of this Act,
or where the amount of the tax has been determined on objection or revision
under subsection (6) of section 330 of this Act, or on appeal, the assessment
made, agreed to, revised or determined on appeal, as the case may be, shall
be final and conclusive for all purposes of this Act as regards the amount of
the tax, and if the full amount of the tax in respect of any such final and
conclusive assessment is not paid within the appropriate period or periods
prescribed in this Act, the provisions contained in this Act relating to the
recovery of tax, and to any penalty under section 343 shall apply.
Oil
FG Introduces New Incentives To Revitalize Nigeria’s Oil & Gas Industry
In a strategic move to revitalize Nigeria’s oil and gas sector, the Federal Government has unveiled two key fiscal incentives aimed at attracting investment and enhancing energy security.
The announcement was made by Mr. Wale Edun, the Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy on Wednesday.
The first initiative, the Value Added Tax (VAT) Modification Order 2024, introduces critical exemptions for essential energy products and infrastructure, including Diesel, Feed Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Electric Vehicles, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) infrastructure, and Clean Cooking Equipment.
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These exemptions are designed to reduce living costs for Nigerians, promote energy security, and accelerate the transition to cleaner energy alternatives.
The second initiative, the Notice of Tax Incentives for Deep Offshore Oil & Gas Production, offers new tax relief options for deep offshore exploration projects.
This measure aims to position Nigeria’s deep offshore basin as a premier destination for international oil and gas investments, boosting the country’s appeal to foreign investors.
These reforms are part of a broader set of policy initiatives, known as Policy Directives 40-42, endorsed by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu.
The directives reflect the administration’s commitment to fostering sustainable development in the energy sector and enhancing Nigeria’s competitive edge in the global oil and gas market.
Business
Tinubu set to approve ExxonMobil-Seplat oil deal, expands CNG bus initiative
By Yemie Adeoye
NIGERIA’s President Bola Tinubu has announced that the protracted ExxonMobil-Seplat upstream oil divestment will be formally approved by the Minister of petroleum within a matter of days, just as he announced his government’s intention to expand the Compress natural Gas, CNG buses initiative.
The President who stated this during his Independence day nationwide broadcast stated that the move is in line with his administration’s commitment to free enterprise, free entry and free exit in investments which is the hallmark of his administration investment policy.
“Fellow compatriots, our administration is committed to free enterprise, free entry, and free exit in investments while maintaining the sanctity and efficacy of our regulatory processes. This principle guides the divestment transactions in our upstream petroleum sector, where we are committed to changing the fortune positively. As such, the ExxonMobil Seplat divestment will receive ministerial approval in a matter of days, having been concluded by the regulator, NUPRC, in line with the Petroleum Industry Act, PIA. This was done in the same manner as other qualified divestments approved in the sector.”
The President also seized the opportunity to plead with Nigerians to be patient with his administration’s reform policies. “As your President, I assure you that we are committed to finding sustainable solutions to alleviate the suffering of our citizens. Once again, I plead for your patience as the reforms we are implementing show positive signs, and we are beginning to see light at the end of the tunnel”.
“Our energy transition programme is on course. We are expanding the adoption of the Presidential Initiative on Compressed Natural Gas for mass transit with private sector players. The Federal Government is ready to assist the thirty-six States and FCT in acquiring CNG buses for cheaper public transportation.
Fellow Nigerians, while we are working to stabilise the economy and secure the country, we also seek to foster national unity and build social harmony and cohesion. Our economy can only thrive when there is peace”. he enthused.
Oil
ExxonMobil To Invest $10bn In Nigeria’s Deep-Water Oil Operations
As part of the administration’s push to improve Ease of Doing Business (EoDB), Nigeria’s Vice President Kashim Shettima has expressed support for ExxonMobil’s plan to invest $10 billion in the country’s deep-water oil sector.
Speaking on Wednesday, September 25, 2024, during a meeting with ExxonMobil executives at the 79th United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in New York, Shettima called the investment “a clear testament to the administration’s economic reforms and investor-friendly policies.”
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This announcement follows news that international maritime company DP World intends to develop a multibillion-dollar port project in Nigeria.
Stanley Nkwocha, Senior Special Assistant to the President on Media and Communications, shared the development in a statement on Wednesday. He quoted Shettima as saying: “ExxonMobil’s potential investment aligns with the vision of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration for a more investment-friendly Nigeria.
We are committed to fostering an environment that supports such transformative projects.”Shettima also discussed the administration’s broader efforts to improve the ease of doing business, highlighting the “Renewed Hope Agenda,” which aims to simplify bureaucratic processes, enhance transparency, and offer fiscal incentives to attract global investors.
“Our administration has taken bold steps to unify the exchange rate, remove fuel subsidies, and implement tax reforms. These measures, though challenging in the short term, are intended to create a stable and predictable business environment in the long term,” he added.
On the oil and gas sector, Shettima mentioned that the government is revising the fiscal framework for deep-water operations to attract investment while ensuring fair returns for the Nigerian people.