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₦121.67trn Debt: SERAP Alleges World Bank Is Culpable

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The Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) is of the view that the World Bank is culpable for the staggering $91.46 billion of public debts weighing Nigeria down, in addition to its misappropriation.

To this end, the SERAP has sent a complaint to the World Bank Inspection Panel demanding a thorough probe of the “allegations of corruption in the spending of the loans and other funding facilities obtained by the Federal Government and Nigeria’s 36 state governors and to review the implementation of all Bank-funded projects by successive governments since 1999.”

The SERAP urged the Inspection Panel “to determine the extent to which Bank Management has followed or is following the World Bank’ s operational policies and procedures applicable to the design, appraisal and implementation of all Bank-financed projects in Nigeria.”

The SERAP also urged the Panel “to determine the effect of any failure by the Bank Management to effectively implement its operational policies and procedures in all Bank-funded projects in several states on the social and economic rights and well-being of millions of socially and economically vulnerable Nigerians.”

The SERAP’s complaint followed the Debt Management Office (DMO)’s report last week, that Nigeria’s total public debt stock, including external and domestic debts, increased by ₦24.33 trillion in three months alone, from ₦97.34 trillion ($108.23 billion) in December 2023 to ₦121.67 trillion ($91.46 billion) as of March 31, 2024.

The SERAP’s averments were detailed in a letter dated 22 June 2024 and signed by SERAP deputy director Kolawole Oluwadare.

It stated, “The World Bank has over the years reportedly approved 197 projects for Nigeria, totalling over $36 billion in loans and other funding facilities [that is, $36,360,415,968.81], with little or no impact on Nigerians living in poverty.”

The SERAP said, “Nigerians are rarely informed and meaningfully and effectively consulted about several of these loans, facilities and Bank-funded projects. Nigerians continue to be denied the benefits of the loans and facilities and access to basic public goods and services.”

According to the SERAP, “Despite several loans and other funding facilities provided by the World Bank over many years, millions of socially and economically vulnerable Nigerians in several states and communities continue to lack access to regular electricity supply and have denied the benefit of renewable energy solutions.”

The complaint, addressed to the Chair of the Panel, read in part, “A recent report by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) revealed that over 133 million Nigerians are living in poverty, the majority of them women and children. We would therefore be grateful if the recommended measures are taken to hold the World Bank to account.

“The apparent failure by Bank Management to diligently follow the World Bank’s operational policies and procedures in Bank-funded projects have resulted in the alleged mismanagement of the loans and facilities and exposed millions of Nigerians to extreme poverty.

“We are concerned about the negative impact of the lack of transparency and accountability in the spending of loans and facilities obtained by the Federal Government and Nigeria’s 36 state governors on the social and economic well-being of millions of Nigerians and the enjoyment of their human rights.

“We are concerned that several Nigeria’s 36 states and the FCT reportedly owe civil servants’ salaries and pensions. Several states are borrowing to pay salaries. Millions of Nigerians resident in these states and the FCT continue to be denied access to basic public goods and services.

“The Federal Government and several states are also reportedly spending public funds which may include the loans and facilities obtained from the World Bank to fund unnecessary travels, buy exotic and bulletproof cars and generally fund the lavish lifestyles of politicians.

“The ₦121.67 trillion ($91.46 billion) debt represents external and domestic loans obtained by the Federal Government, the 36 state governments and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).

“The World Bank reportedly currently has a portfolio of about $8.5 billion spread across the country. The Bank has also approved several loans and other funding facilities to the country’s 36 states including the recent $750 million credit line meant to the states to carry out reforms to attract investment and create jobs.

“The Bank recently approved a $2.25 billion loan for Nigeria ‘to shore up revenue and support economic reforms and address cost-of-living crisis in the country.’

“In September 2002, the Bank approved $129.00 million for a project titled ‘Universal Basic Education Project: P071494’ ‘to increase the capacity of states and local governments to manage and implement the UBE program effectively and efficiently.’

“In May, 2007 the Bank approved $180.00 million for a project titled ‘Nigeria Federal Science & Technical Education at Post-Basic Levels (STEPB): P074132’, ‘to produce more and better qualified science and technology (S&T) graduates’.”

In May 2000, the Bank approved $55.00 million for a project titled ‘Second Primary Education Project: P066571’, ‘to support the implementation of Universal Basic Education.’

“In December 2000, the Bank approved $86.75 million for a project titled ‘Community Based Poverty Reduction Project: P069086’, to ‘improve access of the poor to social and economic infrastructure and increase the availability and management of development resources at the community level.’

“In March 2011, the Bank approved $160.00 million for a project titled ‘Nigeria – Growth & Employment: P069086’, ‘to increase growth and employment in Nigeria.’

“In July 2020, the World Bank approved $500.00 million for a project titled ‘Adolescent Girls Initiative for Learning and Empowerment: P170664’, ‘to improve secondary education opportunities among girls in targeted areas in participating states.’

“The Bank also approved $500.00 million in June 2023 for a project titled ‘Nigeria for Women Program Scale Up Project: P179447’, ‘to promote women’s economic empowerment and enhance the economic opportunities of unbanked women.’

“In June 2020, the Bank approved $750.00 million for a project titled ‘Power Sector Recovery Performance Based Operation: P164001’, ‘to improve the reliability of electricity supply, achieve financial and fiscal sustainability, and enhance accountability.’

“In September 2022, the Bank approved $750.00 million for a project titled ‘State Action on Business Enabling Reforms (SABER) Program: P177442’, ‘to improve the efficiency and transparency of government-to-business services in participating states.’

“Many years of allegations of corruption and mismanagement of public funds including the spending of the loans and facilities obtained by the Federal Government and Nigeria’s 36 states have contributed to widespread poverty, underdevelopment and lack of access to public goods and services in the country.

“The allegations of corruption in the loans and facilities provided by the Bank calls into question the rigor with which the Bank undertook due diligence in assessing the social, economic and environmental risks of its financed-projects in the country.

“The apparent inadequacy of safeguards and accountability mechanisms for the loans, facilities and project implementation has resulted in the alleged diversion of public funds for other purposes other than those agreed with the Bank.

“The Bank has apparently failed and/or neglected to effectively apply its various operational policies and procedures to ensure the transparent and accountable spending of its 197 loans and facilities across several states in the country.

“SERAP has over the years sent several complaints to the World Bank about the lack of transparency and accountability in the loans and facilities and the projects financed by the World Bank loans but the Bank Management has consistently failed and/or neglected to take any concrete action on the complaints.

SERAP believes that we have exhausted attempts to resolve our complaints through several communications with Bank Management.

“The harms suffered by millions of socially and economically vulnerable Nigerians as a result of the alleged corruption in the spending of loans and funding facilities provided by the Bank amount to violations of human rights guaranteed under the human rights treaties to which Nigeria is a state party.

“As a UN specialized agency, the World Bank also has an obligation to promote transparency and accountability in the management of public resources and effective implementation of the World Bank and to observe the provisions of the UN Charter, as well as the UN Convention against Corruption to which Nigeria is a state party.

“The World Bank has obligations under international anticorruption and human rights law, including a responsibility to promote transparency and accountability in the management of public funds, prevent mismanagement or diversion of public funds, and redress any abuse of public trust that they may have contributed to.

“The World Bank’s board of executive directors also has an obligation to ensure that the policies and decisions of the Bank are consistent with their own statutes and governments’ transparency and accountability obligations.

“The UN ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ framework for business and human rights and the “Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights among others impose corporate responsibility on the World Bank to assess potential risks of mismanagement or diversion of their investments and to seek to prevent or mitigate those risks.

“Under Article 1 of the World Bank Articles of Agreement, the stated purposes of the Bank include ‘to assist in the reconstruction and development’. The Bank is also to ‘be guided in all its decisions by the purposes.’

“Under Article 3 section 4(vii) of the World Bank Articles of Agreement, loans made or guaranteed by the Bank ‘shall be for the purpose of specific projects of reconstruction or development.’ Also, under Article 3 section 5(b), the Bank ‘shall make arrangements to ensure that the proceeds of any loan are used only for the purposes for which the loan was granted’.”

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‘Not Off the Table’ — FG Threatens Retaliation Against South Africa Over Xenophobic Attacks on Nigerians

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The Federal Government has warned that retaliatory measures against South African interests in Nigeria remain under consideration following the recent wave of xenophobic attacks targeting Nigerians and other foreign nationals in South Africa.

Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bianca Ojukwu, expressed the government’s frustration on Monday, accusing South African authorities of failing to adequately protect Nigerians from harassment, intimidation, and attacks.

Speaking to State House correspondents in Abuja, Ojukwu rejected claims that most Nigerians affected by the violence were undocumented migrants, insisting that many of them are law-abiding residents engaged in legitimate businesses.

“To say that Nigerians who are in South Africa doing legitimate business are illegal migrants is absolutely untrue,” she said.

The minister noted that Nigerians were unhappy with the treatment being meted out to them despite Nigeria’s historic support for South Africa during the struggle against apartheid.

SEE ALSO: Atiku Knocks FG’s ‘Sluggish’ Handling of South Africa Xenophobic Violence

“Nigeria is not happy because Nigeria sacrificed much for the South African struggle for independence. Nigeria committed funds and resources to aid South Africa. My generation demonstrated and protested in support of South Africa. Nigerians are not happy about how they have been treated,” Ojukwu stated.

When asked whether Nigeria could impose restrictions on South Africans living or doing business in the country, the minister said such measures had not been ruled out.

“That is a situation we are considering. This is a decision that has to be taken at the highest level of government, but it is not off the table,” she said.

Meanwhile, the Federal Government has activated a crisis response mechanism through the Nigerian Mission in Pretoria and the Nigerian Consulate in Johannesburg to assist citizens affected by the attacks.

Ojukwu disclosed that President Bola Tinubu had directed relevant agencies to ensure the safe evacuation of Nigerians willing to return home.

According to her, the number of citizens seeking repatriation continues to rise as the situation worsens in parts of South Africa.

She explained that both Nigerian and South African authorities were carrying out screening and documentation processes to facilitate the return of affected citizens.

The minister also assured that returnees would receive support upon arrival in Nigeria through collaboration with the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and other government agencies.

In a related development, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced the postponement of the planned evacuation of 270 Nigerians from South Africa, citing unforeseen logistical challenges.

The ministry’s spokesperson, Kimiebi Ebienfa, said the flight, originally scheduled to depart Johannesburg on Monday, had been rescheduled for Wednesday to allow authorities complete necessary arrangements.

Ebienfa disclosed that more than 1,000 Nigerians had already been screened and cleared for possible evacuation.

He also clarified that, unlike previous evacuation exercises, the Federal Government would fully fund the operation and would not depend on donations from private individuals.

“The Nigerian government will not wait for philanthropists to donate their planes before doing what it is supposed to do and evacuate its citizens facing trouble anywhere in the world,” he said.

The latest developments came after South African President Cyril Ramaphosa addressed the nation on the growing anti-migrant tensions, condemning attacks on foreign nationals while promising stricter enforcement of immigration laws.

Ramaphosa urged citizens to reject violence and resolve concerns through lawful means.

“We must end illegal migration and secure our communities. However, we must overcome these challenges through peace and love, not through fear, anger or violence,” he said.

The Federal Government has reiterated its commitment to protecting Nigerians abroad and ensuring the safe return of those affected by the ongoing crisis.

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Agip Retirees Lament over 17 Years Outstanding Pension after Oando Takeover 

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Leaf Investment Emerges Substantial Investor in Oando

Former staff members of the Nigerian Agip Oil Company (Oando Energy Resources Nigeria Limited), have staged a peaceful protest demanding payment of their pension salary, which has not been paid in the last 17 years.

The senior citizens, who protested under the platform, Agip Oil Company Pensioners Association of Nigeria (AOCPAN), accused the management of the company of unilaterally stopping the payment without any reason. The retirees, who brandished placards with different inscriptions, lamented that their members were dying in numbers because of hardship and inability to meet their daily needs.

They condemned the inhumanity of Oando’s management towards the vulnerable retirees, stressing that the company has blocked its gate concerning any issues about the retirees.

Some of their demands are: “Oando management is strategically out to exterminate the retirees through zero welfare support for the retirees.

“Oando bought the assets and liabilities of Agip; but, has trickishly taken the assets and abandoned the major liabilities – the retirees of Agip that bought.”

Chairman of the group, Engr. Elder Paul Sito, who addresses newsmen at the front of the company in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, yesterday, alleged spouses of late retirees were denied access to medical services which are supposed to be for lifetime.

According to Elder Paul, the management of the company does not have a welfare plan for the retirees, adding that senior citizens have been abandoned without any economic and welfare support.

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Speaking further, the chairman claimed that the management has refused to follow the steps of other companies concerning retirees’ welfare.

He said: “The reasons for the protest are many; we were retirees of Agip Oil Company and as a retiree, there is a pension act concerning retirees. There are welfare and pension monthly payments for these retirees. We received this pension welfare or pension salary for years until it stopped in 2009.

“Management unilaterally stopped it. We don’t even know why, they gave us reasons that are not obtainable in the world, the reason is that because a new management came, they were looking for documents to show that the payment they have been doing should continue (a payment that they were making should continue, they are looking for a document to approve that payment) and because they didn’t see it they stopped unilaterally?”

Paul explained further: “And the association picked it up, when the association was so new and its major focus was on increase in minimum wage, which they continued with the management.

And at that time, we never had what we now call (HIPAN) Hydrocarbon Industry Pensioners Association of Nigeria – the gathering of all the five companies’ retirement representatives.

“They meet and check their books to see who is doing less and who is doing more, so that those who are doing less will go back to their management and inform them appropriately like it has always been done when we were in service and that continued until 2009 when they stopped it.

“Up till today, we have never gotten a dime. In 2023, we came out like this and they gave us 1% or less; in 2024, we also came out, they gave us another half of 1%; and now, they have cut short the welfare for our deceased spouses which was supposed to be for life, they have cut it short to two years.”

The chairman emphasized: “We are asking them to reinstate it. It is for life, every other IOC (International Oil Company) is serving for life. “We are saying whatever the retirees of each of these companies get during negotiations should be applied to the retirees in Oando.”

He lamented: “All this while, we have been suffering, we have written letters to them telling them that we want to meet so that we can give them our charter of demand; we did that last year July. they replied that okay, they have heard from us officially, that they’ll go and look for it, they went and kept looking at it for months. When our letters will not be replied anymore.

“We planned to come out and they heard of it and they immediately called us for a meeting. We went and they still promised us and up till now, they brought nothing. The other oil companies are increasing pensioners salaries every year, but here, it’s a different story.”

One of the retirees, who simply gave her name as Mrs. Regina, lamented that the stipend they receive from the company is of no value to the current economic condition in the country.

High Chief Oluwa Oluwaneye said: “You can see me, I was not like this, I was a good player and a good wrestler and now what God gave to me to satisfy my family, I can’t provide it again because of the condition.

“I entered this Agip in 1955. He (owner of Oando) said he is fit to buy the company; he should know that the people who worked in the company and gave him the power to come and buy, he should empower them.”

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Loss of 5 Rigs Threaten Govt’s Revenue

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A sharp decline in oil drilling activities which has led to the loss of five active rigs within a month might be threatening Nigeria’s revenue outlook.

According to a report by the African Energy Council (AEC), the slump in Nigeria’s rig count has raised concerns over future crude production, government earnings and fiscal stability.

The report revealed that Nigeria’s active rig count dropped from 17 in March to 12 in April 2026, representing a decline of nearly 30 per cent in just one month and signalling weakening upstream investment and exploration activities.

Rig count, a key indicator of oil and gas exploration and production activities, measures the number of drilling rigs actively operating within a country or region.

Industry experts often regard it as a leading indicator of future production levels. The development comes at a time when Nigeria is struggling to meet its crude oil production targets and relies heavily on petroleum earnings to finance government expenditure.

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According to the report, the decline in rig activity poses a direct threat to the Federal Government’s 2026 budget benchmark of 1.84 million barrels per day (bpd), especially as actual production stood at about 1.48 million bpd in April 2026.

The AEC noted that while the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) reported 31 active rigs during the period, the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) placed the figure at 12.

It explained that the discrepancy likely reflects differences in counting methodologies, including whether rigs on standby are classified as active.

Despite the differing figures, the Council stressed that both data sets point to a downward trend in drilling activity.

The think tank warned that with only 12 active rigs operating in April, Nigeria’s future production capacity is under severe threat unless urgent measures are taken to reverse the decline.

It further observed that the country’s rig count had already fallen from 15 in 2024 to 13 in 2025, indicating that several potential barrels that should have contributed to current production were never drilled.

“AEC views Nigeria’s upstream retreat with serious concern. A 41.7 per cent single-month rig count collapse, compounding revenue losses exceeding $3.1 billion, and a widening gap between NNPC’s 2030 ambitions and ground-level drilling activity signal a sector in structural distress rather than a cyclical downturn,” the report stated.

While Africa drills forward, Nigeria drills back. Without urgent policy action, Nigeria risks permanently ceding both its relevance within OPEC and its opportunity to monetise reserves before the global energy transition narrows that window.

The warning comes against the backdrop of mounting fiscal pressures. Oil revenues account for roughly 60 per cent of government earnings, meaning lower production could translate into wider budget deficits and increased borrowing.

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