Business
Alibaba Seeks to Raise Up to $21.1 Billion in U.S. IPO
LAGOS-Alibaba Group Holding Ltd., the e-commerce company whose fortunes surged along with China’s economy, plans a historic U.S. initial public offering that may also claim the global record.
Alibaba is seeking a valuation of as much as $162.7 billion, larger than 95 percent of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, as it enters the IPO’s final stages. At the high end of the proposed price range, Alibaba would be the third most valuable Internet company traded in the U.S. after Google Inc. and Facebook Inc. The offering could raise as much as $21.1 billion, according to a Sept. 5 regulatory filing.
Even at the high end, the valuation falls below more optimistic estimates of Alibaba’s worth — analysts surveyed in July put its value at $187 billion, on average. That will give China’s largest e-commerce company room to raise the IPO price as it builds demand during meetings with fund managers, said Henry Guo, an analyst at JG Capital.
“This is below Wall Street’s expectations,” said Guo, who is based in San Francisco. “They prefer a smoother start so that they can push up the prices.”
Alibaba may temper its valuation, some analysts said in July, which could help it avoid the listing flop of Facebook. Those analysts forecast that Alibaba would value itself at about $154 billion, after applying a discount.
Facebook had a price tag of $104 billion at the time of its IPO in May 2012 and went on to lose half its market value as investors worried about slowing growth and the company’s mobile strategy. The stock has since recovered.
Leadership, Structure
While Alibaba’s IPO is coming amid growth in China’s e-commerce market, investors now must weigh the risks of buying shares in the Hangzhou-based company. The Internet behemoth, whose marketplaces are comparable to those of EBay Inc. (EBAY) and Amazon.com Inc., has a governance arrangement that keeps insiders in control as well as an ownership structure that could face objections from the Chinese government.
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Alibaba and selling stockholders — including Yahoo! Inc. (YHOO), which owns more than 22 percent of the company, Chairman Jack Ma and Vice Chairman Joe Tsai — plan to sell 320.1 million American depositary shares for $60 to $66 apiece, the filing shows. Those shares are equivalent to a 13 percent stake. The stock will be listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol BABA.
“We believe one thing, today is difficult, tomorrow is more difficult, but the day after tomorrow is beautiful,” Ma said in the company’s presentation. “So we have to work very hard in order to survive the long journey.”
Tsai is selling 4.25 million shares, meaning he could make $280 million if the shares were priced at the top-end. Ma will sell 12.75 million shares, earning as much as $841 million.
Visa, AgBank
Alibaba’s sale could exceed Visa Inc.’s $19.7 billion IPO in 2008, the biggest U.S. initial offering to date. Including an overallotment option, Alibaba could raise as much as $24.3 billion, surpassing the existing global record held by Agricultural Bank of China, which raised $22.1 billion in sales in both Hong Kong and Shanghai in 2010.
“This is their initial discussion of pricing, and then as the roadshow goes on and bankers build the books, they’ll have an idea about the interest level,” Eric Jackson, founder of Ironfire Capital LLC, said in a phone interview from Toronto.
The roadshow will begin tomorrow in New York, people with knowledge of the matter have said. After that, executives will travel to Boston and Baltimore, before heading west to San Francisco, the people said. The executives will then meet with investors in London and Hong Kong. Alibaba is scheduled to price its IPO on Sept. 18, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. The shares would start trading the next day.
Relative Value
Compared with other Internet companies, Alibaba is asking for a price that would make it expensive. At the high end of the IPO range, the company would debut at about 17 times sales in the year through June, well over the multiple of 1.96 times at Amazon and 3.92 times at EBay. Chinese Internet companies Tencent Holdings Ltd. and Baidu Inc. trade at 13.53 times and 12.24 times.
The valuation itself won’t stop investors who are drawn to Alibaba’s potential, Jackson said.
“In this environment, people want a growth story. People are willing to pay up for growth and Alibaba still has a lot of growth.”
Alibaba provides various marketplaces for buyers and sellers as well as services that help them conduct their businesses. Taobao Marketplace, started in 2003, enables millions of individuals and small businesses to sell products. Tmall.com provides a virtual shopping mall, with retailers and brands offering products, and Juhuasuan operates a flash-sales model. The three sites accounted for 82 percent of Alibaba’s sales in the year through March.
China E-Commerce
Mainland Internet users have grown to 632 million and could exceed 850 million by 2015, according to government data. Alibaba has been seen as a proxy for this growth with its 279 million active buyers in the year through June, according to its prospectus.
Alibaba “should be attractive to investors because of how exciting the Internet opportunities in China are and because that opportunity itself is not fully discovered,” said Gustavo Galindo, based in New York, who helps oversee more than $10 billion of emerging-market assets at Russell Investments.
Profit in the company’s first quarter surged as advertisers boosted spending on the Tmall and Taobao platforms, filings show. Net income almost tripled to $1.99 billion, or 84 cents a share, in the three months ended June 30, helped by a $1 billion gain on the revaluation of larger stakes acquired in UCWeb Inc. and OneTouch.
Value Swells
Alibaba was valued at just a few billion dollars when Yahoo acquired its stake in 2005, and rose to $32 billion after Silver Lake Management LLC, Temasek Holdings Pte and DST Global bought in six years later.
Yahoo’s valuation is partially pinned on its 22.4 percent stake in Alibaba, as shareholders speculate that the Sunnyvale, California-based company could use the proceeds from the IPO for large acquisitions or investments. In July, the company said it planned to keep a bigger stake in Alibaba post-IPO than it originally projected, and would return at least half of the cash it raises to shareholders.
Yahoo Stake
Yahoo plans to sell 121.7 million shares in the IPO, the filing shows, paring its stake to 16 percent after the offering. At the top of the marketed range, the company would reap more than $8 billion.
Ma will own 7.8 percent after the IPO, while Tsai will hold a 3.2 percent stake. SoftBank Corp., which holds a 34 percent stake in Alibaba, is not planning to sell shares.
Like many Chinese companies, Alibaba will rely on a legal structure known as a variable interest entity, or VIE, required by the Chinese government for foreign ownership of certain industries, including Internet companies.
According to a U.S. congressional commission report, shareholders face “major risks” from investing in companies that use a VIE. While Alibaba gets most of its revenue from wholly foreign-owned enterprises, if China revokes its VIE license, U.S. investors could be affected, filings show.
“They had to be conservative because the world hasn’t completely embraced the China model,” said Jeff Sica, president of Sica Wealth Management LLC in Morristown, New Jersey. “Despite this immense market, there’s still this concern that they exist in this mysterious black hole where shareholder value could evaporate.”
Partnership Structure
Alibaba’s partnership structure also raises some questions. It enables 27 individuals to nominate a majority of the board, which is then voted on by the shareholders — thus giving a select group outsize control of the company. That arrangement was rejected by Hong Kong regulators, so Alibaba chose a listing in the U.S. — where companies with different classes of shares, such as Facebook and Google, are common.
In a July 12 filing, Alibaba gave the partnership additional powers by saying it could appoint more directors without shareholder approval if fewer than a simple majority of the board are partnership nominees.
Credit Suisse Group AG, Deutsche Bank AG, Goldman Sachs Group Inc., JPMorgan Chase & Co., Morgan Stanley and Citigroup Inc. are managing the offering. Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP and Sullivan & Cromwell LLP are providing legal advice. Rothschild is serving as the IPO adviser to Alibaba.
BLOOMBERG-
Business
Renaissance Capital Sees Significant Upside in Dangote Refinery, Lifts Valuation by 33.4%
Leading investment research firm Renaissance Capital Africa (RCA) has upgraded its valuation of Dangote Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemicals (DPRP) to N700.41 per share, implying a 33.4 percent upside from the refinery’s IPO offer price of N525 per share.
According to RCA, the valuation increase reflects the refinery’s exceptional earnings performance in the first nine months of 2026, driven by stronger refining margins and better-than-anticipated operational results. Revenue, EBITDA and net profit all exceeded the firm’s expectations during the period.
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In its October 16, 2026, update, titled “Stronger Refining Margins Drive Earnings Outperformance,” the investment firm cited robust refining margins and stronger operating results as key drivers of the enhanced valuation.
The remarkable investor interest comes against the backdrop of the refinery’s strong operational and financial performance. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the DPRP reported revenue of US22.5 billion and net profit of US4.7 billion, representing one of the strongest financial performances recorded by an African industrial enterprise in recent years.
The results marked a significant turnaround from the corresponding period in 2025, when the company recorded a loss of US117.2 million. Revenue grew by 144 percent from US9.2 billion, while EBITDA increased nearly nine-fold to US5.5billionfromUS627.6 million. Operating cash flow rose more than ten-fold to US$3.68 billion, underscoring the refinery’s growing ability to generate substantial earnings and cash flow from its operations.
The company also strengthened its balance sheet considerably, moving from a net debt position of US1.73 billion as of September 2025 to a net cash position of US651 million by September 2026, reflecting improved liquidity and financial resilience.
Business
Dangote Refinery IPO Elicits Participation in 90 Countries Globally
The Dangote Petroleum Refinery & Petrochemicals (DPDP) has revealed that its ongoing Initial Public Offering (IPO) has attracted exceptional participation from investors across Africa and around the world, with subscriptions received from more than 90 countries, including investors from 51 of Africa’s 54 nations.
The unprecedented level of participation positions the transaction as Africa’s first truly pan-African public offering, reflecting strong investor confidence in African-led industrialization and a growing desire among Africans to own strategic assets built on the continent.
The company noted that the IPO has already set new benchmarks in the capital markets, breaking the Nigerian market record on its opening day and surpassing the previous African record within its first ten days, driven by robust demand from retail investors, pension funds, institutional investors, asset managers, and members of the investing public.
On the milestone, Chief Financial Officer of Dangote Group, Murat Erden, said: “This offering represents far more than a capital-raising exercise. It is a landmark opportunity for Africans and global investors alike to participate in the ownership of one of the continent’s most transformative industrial assets. The extraordinary participation from individuals and institutions across Africa demonstrates a shared conviction that Africans should not only benefit from industrial development but also own and create wealth from it.”
The remarkable investor interest comes against the backdrop of the refinery’s strong operational and financial performance. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the DPRP reported revenue of US22.5billion and net profit of US4.7 billion, representing one of the strongest financial performances recorded by an African industrial enterprise in recent years.
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The results marked a significant turnaround from the corresponding period in 2025, when the company recorded a loss of US117.2 million. Revenue grew by 144 percent from US9.2 billion, while EBITDA increased nearly nine-fold to US5.5 billion from US627.6 million. Operating cash flow rose more than ten-fold to US$3.68 billion, underscoring the refinery’s growing ability to generate substantial earnings and cash flow from its operations.
The company also strengthened its balance sheet considerably, moving from a net debt position of US1.73 billion as of September 2025 to a net cash position of US651 million by September 2026, reflecting improved liquidity and financial resilience.
According to Erden, the refinery’s current performance significantly exceeds the assumptions underpinning the IPO valuation. “Our financial performance has already advanced well beyond the baseline assumptions used in determining the IPO valuation. The refinery’s operational momentum, scale and efficiency continue to create substantial shareholder value and reinforce our confidence in its long-term growth prospects.”
In a major boost to African capital-market integration, the transaction has also benefited from pioneering cross-border market collaborations involving Botswana, Egypt, Ethiopia and Kenya, helping to broaden access and reduce barriers to participation for investors across the continent.
The DPDP described the IPO as a powerful demonstration of the increasing sophistication, depth and interconnectedness of African financial markets, providing a blueprint for future continent-wide investment offerings.
The company reiterated that the IPO provides a unique opportunity for investors to become shareholders in one of Africa’s largest and fastest-growing industrial enterprises, with the potential for USD-linked dividends, subject to the company’s dividend policy and applicable regulatory approvals.
With the offer scheduled to close on 27 October 2026, the company has intensified investor education and engagement activities across key markets to ensure broader inclusion and participation. The refinery emphasized that no further extension of the offer period is currently planned.
On the significance of the transaction, Erden added: “We are witnessing the emergence of a new chapter in African industrial ownership and capital-market development. The overwhelming response from investors across 51 African countries and more than 90 countries globally is a resounding vote of confidence in Africa’s future and in the ability of world-class African enterprises to deliver sustainable value for shareholders.”
The company expressed appreciation to regulators, stockbrokers, issuing houses, financial institutions, fintech partners, community leaders, investor associations and the investing public for their support and participation throughout the offer period.
Business
Tesla Aims for 2028 Commercial Production of Flying Car
Tesla has set a 2028 commercial production date for its new Roadster sports car that can briefly rise into the air using rocket technology.
According to CNN, the date was revealed when the manufacturers demonstrated its functionality on Thursday at a SpaceX testing facility in Texas, United States, where the two-seater vehicle performed a series of manoeuvres, including driving upside down before making a short airborne movement.
The prototype was operated without a driver during the test, with Musk saying the decision was taken “to make sure we don’t kill anyone.”
“Success is not guaranteed. I mean that. It’ll probably work, but if it doesn’t work, we’re at a safe distance,” he said.
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CNN reported that the vehicle uses 10 nozzles and high-pressure air tanks to generate thrust, with Musk claiming it could accelerate from zero to 60 miles per hour in less than a second.
The Tesla boss attributed the development to cooperation between the electric vehicle manufacturer and SpaceX, the rocket company he also leads.
He described the project as “the results of what happens when you have a collaboration with the world’s best car company and the world’s best rocket company.”
Musk also sought to assure spectators that the demonstration was genuine, saying, “We need an audience to prove that it’s not AI or SI. So you guys can tell people you saw it with your eyes, because what you see with your eyes, you will not believe.”
Despite the display, questions remain about whether the vehicle can achieve sustained flight and how practical it would be for everyday transportation.
Roger Conner, curator for vertical flight at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum, told CNN that combining the requirements of road vehicles and aircraft presented significant engineering challenges.
“Aircraft are extremely sensitive to weight, whereas with ground vehicles you want them to have bumpers and crumple zones and all that,” he said.
“Inevitably, something that is a hybrid between the two is going to be a poor performing aircraft and a poor performing vehicle, and also quite expensive,” he added.
Conner questioned whether the demonstration amounted to flying in the conventional sense.
“We’re not talking about sustained flight. We are literally talking about hopping,” he said.
However, Jim Dukhovny, chief executive of flying car startup Alef, said the technology was achievable, while pointing to the difficulties involved in making such vehicles transition safely from vertical take-off to forward flight.
“It absolutely is 100% feasible,” he told CNN.
“That being said, the hardest part on all eVTOLs, and for us, it’s a transition from (rising) vertical to (moving) forward. It needs to be extremely careful, making sure you do not lose lift, and making sure it’s very stable,” he added.
CNN also reported that Alef’s prototype weighs about 254 pounds, uses eight propellers and is designed to carry one person.
Musk said Tesla intended to begin production of the new Roadster in 2028.
CNN reported that the latest display adds to Musk’s ambitions to push Tesla’s vehicle technology beyond conventional electric cars, although the prototype’s ability to operate as a practical flying vehicle has yet to be established.





