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IMF Executive Board Completes Third Review Under the PLL Arrangement with Morocco and Concludes 2013 Article IV Consultation

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RABAT – On January 31, 2014, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed the third review of Morocco’s economic performance under a program supported by a 24-month Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL) arrangement and concluded the 2013 Article IV consultation with Morocco.1

The PLL arrangement was approved on August 3, 2012 in an amount equivalent to SDR 4.12 billion (about US$6.2 billion or 700 percent of Morocco’s quota), (See Press Release No. 12/287). The Executive Board concluded the second review on July 31, 2013. The authorities are treating the arrangement as precautionary..

The PLL arrangement continues to support the authorities’ home-grown reform agenda aimed at achieving higher and more inclusive economic growth by providing an insurance against external shocks. The PLL was introduced to meet more flexibly the liquidity needs of member countries with sound economic fundamentals and strong record of policy implementation but with some remaining vulnerabilities.

Following the Board discussion of the review, Ms. Nemat Shafik, Deputy Managing Director, and Acting Chair made the following statement:

“Notwithstanding the continued unfavorable external environment and challenging domestic conditions, Morocco’s macroeconomic performance improved in 2013, supported by strong policy commitment and implementation, as well as the insurance provided by the PLL. Important measures taken by the authorities helped reduce fiscal and external vulnerabilities and strengthen the economy’s resilience. Given significant downside risks and persistently high unemployment, the economic outlook will depend on the sustained delivery of policy and structural reforms designed to continue rebuilding policy buffers and promote higher and more inclusive growth.

“The substantial reduction in energy subsidies achieved in 2013, along with increased social assistance to the most vulnerable, helped strengthen the fiscal accounts and reduce underlying fiscal vulnerabilities. Looking ahead, continued strengthening of public finances will require a reorientation of revenue and spending to better support growth and inclusiveness, along with the passage of a new organic budget law that incorporates best practices with respect to fiscal discipline, coverage and expenditure control.

“Sustaining the recent gains in improving Morocco’s external position hinges on measures to support its external competitiveness. Structural reforms in this area are a priority. More flexibility in the exchange rate regime, in close coordination with other macroeconomic policies, would also help and would increase the economy’s resilience to external shocks.

“Further reforms are needed to strengthen the business climate, transparency, and the judiciary system and to improve the functioning of the labor market in order to attract foreign direct investment and promote strong job growth. Broader financial inclusion including greater access to credit for small and medium-sized enterprises is also needed to foster higher growth and boost employment.”

The Executive Board also concluded the 2013 Article IV consultation with Morocco.

The Moroccan economy has weathered the recent unfavorable regional and global economic context relatively well. GDP growth is expected to have reached about 4.5 percent in 2013 on the back of an exceptional agricultural season. Growth in other sectors has been dragged down by the effects of the European crisis, but is expected to rebound in 2014 for an overall growth rate of around 4 percent. Inflation is well under control, while the financial sector remains sound. The 2013 current account deficit was reduced and international reserves have been stable above four months of imports for more than a year, thanks in part to sustained foreign investment and access to international bond markets at favorable terms. Lower international oil prices and policy actions helped reduce the fiscal deficit from 7.3 percent of GDP in 2012 to 5.4 percent in 2013.

Executive Board Assessment2

Executive Directors commended the economy’s resilience in the face of significant external shocks and challenging domestic conditions, and welcomed recent measures that successfully helped reduce fiscal and external vulnerabilities. Noting Morocco’s high unemployment rate and the downside risks to the outlook, Directors advised sustaining reforms to continue rebuilding policy buffers and promote higher and more inclusive growth.

Directors supported efforts to strengthen the public finances and support both fiscal and external sustainability. They welcomed the reduction of energy subsidies in 2013 while increasing social protection to the most vulnerable, and encouraged the authorities to sustain such efforts. They advised that revenue and spending should be reoriented to better support growth and inclusiveness in 2014 and beyond, through reforms aimed at broadening the tax base, reviewing tax incentives and exemptions, reforming the VAT system, moderating the public wage bill, and reforming the pension system.

Directors welcomed the adoption by the Council of Ministers of the new Organic Budget Law as a step toward the establishment of a modern and improved fiscal framework. They called for strengthening the provisions of the draft law pertaining to fiscal discipline, coverage and expenditure control, in line with international best practice, and looked forward to the law’s timely approval ahead of the preparation of the 2015 finance law.

Directors underscored that consolidation of Morocco’s external position hinges on improving its external competitiveness. They stressed the critical importance of structural reforms in this area. They noted that a move toward a more flexible exchange rate regime, in coordination with other macroeconomic policies, would also help and would increase the economy’s resilience to external shocks. In this regard, Directors welcomed the Fund’s provision of technical assistance to the Bank Al-Maghrib (BAM) to help prepare for a smooth transition to more exchange rate flexibility. They recommended further reforms to strengthen the business climate, transparency, and the judiciary system and to improve the functioning of the labor market in order to attract private investment and promote strong job growth.

Directors supported BAM’s efforts to strengthen banking supervision and regulatory arrangements, including gradual adherence to the Basel III norms, as well as closer monitoring of the banking sector’s international expansion. They underscored the importance of financial deepening and increased access to credit for small and medium-sized enterprises for fostering sustained growth.

 

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Q1 2026: Dangote Cement Grows Exports by 71.6%, Capacity Hits 55MTA

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Dangote Cement Plc has recorded a strong performance in the first quarter of 2026, growing its cement and clinker exports from Nigeria by 71.6 per cent, as the Group’s total installed production capacity reached 55 million tonnes per annum (MTA) across Africa.

During the period under review, the company completed 10 clinker shipments from Nigeria to neighbouring markets, further consolidating its position as Africa’s leading cement exporter.

According to the company’s unaudited Q1 2026 financial results, total sales volumes increased by 13.8 per cent year-on-year, driven by growth of 11.5 per cent in Nigeria and 19.5 per cent across its pan‑African operations.

Commenting on the performance, the Group Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Dangote Cement Plc, Arvind Pathak, said the results reflected the strength of the company’s operating model and its disciplined execution across markets.

“We have delivered an outstanding start to 2026, with revenue up 20.4 per cent year‑on‑year to ₦1.198 trillion, driven by a strong rebound in volumes which grew 13.8 per cent across our markets. EBITDA increased by 22.8 per cent to ₦567.1 billion, demonstrating the strength of our operating model, disciplined cost control, and our ability to convert growth into superior profitability,” he said.

For the quarter, Dangote Cement reported a profit before tax of ₦421.1 billion, representing a 35 per cent increase from ₦311.9 billion recorded in the corresponding period of 2025. Earnings per share rose to ₦19.14, up from ₦12.29, underscoring sustained value creation for shareholders.

On exports and expansion, Pathak noted the rapid scaling of Dangote Cement’s export business and progress across key growth projects.

“Our export business continues to scale rapidly, with volumes from Nigeria up 71.6 per cent and 10 clinker shipments completed in the quarter. This performance reinforces our strategic position as Africa’s leading cement exporter,” he said.

“Following the commissioning of our 3Mta grinding plant in Côte d’Ivoire, we are progressing well with our expansion projects in Itori and Ethiopia, alongside other growth initiatives across the continent. These investments will further strengthen our footprint and keep us firmly on track to reach 80Mt of production capacity by 2030.”

Looking ahead to the rest of the year, Pathak expressed confidence in the company’s growth outlook.

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“We have entered the year with strong momentum and a clear strategic focus. Demand across our markets remains resilient, our expansion pipeline is delivering, and our operational discipline continues to drive margin improvement. We remain confident in sustaining this growth trajectory and in consistently delivering long‑term value to our shareholders.”

Dangote Cement is Africa’s leading cement producer, with 55.0MTA installed capacity across the continent. A fully integrated quarry‑to‑customer producer, the company operates 35.25MTA capacity in Nigeria, where its Obajana plant in Kogi State—the largest in Africa—has 16.25MTA capacity across five lines. The Ibese plant in Ogun State has 12MTA, Gboko plant in Benue State has 4MTA, while Okpella plant in Edo State has 3MTA.

Through sustained investments, Dangote Cement has eliminated Nigeria’s reliance on imported cement and transformed the country into a net exporter of cement and clinker, supplying markets across West and Central Africa.

CAPTION: Aliko Dangote in Norway:
President/Chief Executive, Dangote Industries Limited, Aliko Dangote (right) presenting a souvenir to the Chief Executive Officer of Norges Bank Investment Management (NBIM), Nicolai Tangen during a meeting in Norway.

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Nigeria Looks to New Oil Markets to Decrease Dependence on OPEC – PETAN

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In the face of continued global crude market disruptions, Nigeria is gearing efforts towards new markets.

Chairman, the Petroleum Technology Association of Nigeria (PETAN), Wole Ogunsanya, made the revelation at the opening ceremony of the Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) in Houston, Texas on Monday.

He opined that Nigeria must move beyond traditional buyers and aggressively seek alternative markets to remain competitive and maximise revenue.

According to him, recent developments within the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), including moves by some members to act independently, signal the need for Nigeria to rethink its crude marketing strategy.

“We must start developing markets outside our traditional destinations. It is not enough to rely solely on OPEC frameworks; we need to secure buyers for our crude in a more proactive manner,” he said.

ALSO READ: NNPC Ltd, Chinese Firms Ink MoU to Revive, Expand Warri, Port Harcourt Refineries

Ogunsanya noted that Nigeria produces some of the best crude grades globally and should leverage this advantage to penetrate new markets across Africa, Europe and other regions.

He stressed that expanding market access has become even more critical as Nigeria pushes to increase oil production and support the growing capacity of domestic refineries.

“With refining capacity in Nigeria expected to ramp up significantly, we must ensure consistent supply while also identifying external markets for excess production,” he added.

The PETAN chairman said participation in OTC provides a strategic platform to engage potential investors, partners and off-takers, as well as to showcase Nigeria’s capabilities in the oil and gas sector.

He also highlighted ongoing efforts to strengthen collaboration among African countries through the African Local Content initiative, which he said would support cross-border investments and market expansion.

Ogunsanya further emphasised the need for improved efficiency and adoption of modern technology to keep Nigeria’s crude competitive in the global market.

He warned that failure to secure new markets could expose the country to price volatility and reduced earnings, especially in a rapidly changing global energy landscape.

Despite challenges such as visa constraints affecting participation at this year’s OTC, he said Nigeria’s strong presence at the conference demonstrates its determination to remain a key player in the global oil and gas industry.

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Exxon, Chevron’s Q1 Earnings Down 46%, 37% Despite Soaring Oil Prices

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As crude oil deliveries bow to supply disruptions in the Middle East, oil giants, Exxon Mobil and Chevron have reported drops in profit in the first quarter of 2026 despite surging oil prices.

Exxon’s quarterly earnings fell to $4.2 billion from about $7.7 billion the same quarter last year, a decline of about 46 per cent, while Chevron’s profits fell to $2.2 billion from about $3.5 billion, down about 37 per cent. Still, both companies beat Wall Street expectations.

However, America’s two largest oil companies are still expected to eventually reap the benefits of soaring oil prices, which reached levels unseen since 2022 this week as the war in Iran continues, Reuters reported.

In a prepared statement, Exxon said that “timing effects” and volume impacts in the Middle East reduced reported earnings; when excluding those effects, the company reported $8.8 billion in profit. At Chevron, unfavourable timing effects totaled about $3 billion for the quarter, according to the company.

“One of the things that we called out in our press release was the timing,” Darren Woods, Exxon’s chair and chief executive officer, said in an interview. “As you close the quarter in the volatile market, you book the hedges, the paper, but the physical barrels are in inventory until they get delivered.

“So you get this deferred profit that we wanted to basically highlight, and make sure that our investors understood that the work that we’re actually doing to meet the demands today are resulting in benefits not necessarily booked in the quarter,” Woods added.

ALSO READ: NNPC Ltd, Chinese Firms Ink MoU to Revive, Expand Warri, Port Harcourt Refineries

At the start of the war, Donald Trump declared on Truth Social: “The United States is the largest Oil Producer in the World, by far, so when oil prices go up, we make a lot of money.”

Certain oil and gas companies are already reaping the benefits. BP announced that its profits more than doubled in the last quarter, crediting “exceptional oil trading” for its highest quarterly profit since 2023 – an announcement that led advocacy groups and some European finance ministers to call for greater taxes on windfall profits.

Other earnings reports indicate that it may take longer for oil companies to report clear gains. ConocoPhillips, a partner in Qatar’s state gas company, cut its forecast annual output due to disruptions in Qatar’s liquified natural gas operations caused by the war. Iranian attacks on QatarEnergy LNG’s export plant will take years to repair, state energy officials have said.

Chevron and Exxon’s stock jumped at the start of the war but eased in April as the US and Iran agreed on a ceasefire and the reopening of the strait of Hormuz. And Lockheed Martin, a key defense contractor with the federal government, initially saw its stock jump 25 per cent since the start of the year, but has since dropped to roughly the same levels.

Meanwhile, gas prices at the pump continue to climb, with the current average reaching $4.39, up from $3.187 a year ago. Americans are also facing fears of elevated inflation and slow job growth amid turmoil in the Middle East.

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