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₦121.67trn Debt: SERAP Alleges World Bank Is Culpable
The Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) is of the view that the World Bank is culpable for the staggering $91.46 billion of public debts weighing Nigeria down, in addition to its misappropriation.
To this end, the SERAP has sent a complaint to the World Bank Inspection Panel demanding a thorough probe of the “allegations of corruption in the spending of the loans and other funding facilities obtained by the Federal Government and Nigeria’s 36 state governors and to review the implementation of all Bank-funded projects by successive governments since 1999.”
The SERAP urged the Inspection Panel “to determine the extent to which Bank Management has followed or is following the World Bank’ s operational policies and procedures applicable to the design, appraisal and implementation of all Bank-financed projects in Nigeria.”
The SERAP also urged the Panel “to determine the effect of any failure by the Bank Management to effectively implement its operational policies and procedures in all Bank-funded projects in several states on the social and economic rights and well-being of millions of socially and economically vulnerable Nigerians.”
The SERAP’s complaint followed the Debt Management Office (DMO)’s report last week, that Nigeria’s total public debt stock, including external and domestic debts, increased by ₦24.33 trillion in three months alone, from ₦97.34 trillion ($108.23 billion) in December 2023 to ₦121.67 trillion ($91.46 billion) as of March 31, 2024.
The SERAP’s averments were detailed in a letter dated 22 June 2024 and signed by SERAP deputy director Kolawole Oluwadare.
It stated, “The World Bank has over the years reportedly approved 197 projects for Nigeria, totalling over $36 billion in loans and other funding facilities [that is, $36,360,415,968.81], with little or no impact on Nigerians living in poverty.”
The SERAP said, “Nigerians are rarely informed and meaningfully and effectively consulted about several of these loans, facilities and Bank-funded projects. Nigerians continue to be denied the benefits of the loans and facilities and access to basic public goods and services.”
According to the SERAP, “Despite several loans and other funding facilities provided by the World Bank over many years, millions of socially and economically vulnerable Nigerians in several states and communities continue to lack access to regular electricity supply and have denied the benefit of renewable energy solutions.”
The complaint, addressed to the Chair of the Panel, read in part, “A recent report by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) revealed that over 133 million Nigerians are living in poverty, the majority of them women and children. We would therefore be grateful if the recommended measures are taken to hold the World Bank to account.
“The apparent failure by Bank Management to diligently follow the World Bank’s operational policies and procedures in Bank-funded projects have resulted in the alleged mismanagement of the loans and facilities and exposed millions of Nigerians to extreme poverty.
“We are concerned about the negative impact of the lack of transparency and accountability in the spending of loans and facilities obtained by the Federal Government and Nigeria’s 36 state governors on the social and economic well-being of millions of Nigerians and the enjoyment of their human rights.
“We are concerned that several Nigeria’s 36 states and the FCT reportedly owe civil servants’ salaries and pensions. Several states are borrowing to pay salaries. Millions of Nigerians resident in these states and the FCT continue to be denied access to basic public goods and services.
“The Federal Government and several states are also reportedly spending public funds which may include the loans and facilities obtained from the World Bank to fund unnecessary travels, buy exotic and bulletproof cars and generally fund the lavish lifestyles of politicians.
“The ₦121.67 trillion ($91.46 billion) debt represents external and domestic loans obtained by the Federal Government, the 36 state governments and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).
“The World Bank reportedly currently has a portfolio of about $8.5 billion spread across the country. The Bank has also approved several loans and other funding facilities to the country’s 36 states including the recent $750 million credit line meant to the states to carry out reforms to attract investment and create jobs.
“The Bank recently approved a $2.25 billion loan for Nigeria ‘to shore up revenue and support economic reforms and address cost-of-living crisis in the country.’
“In September 2002, the Bank approved $129.00 million for a project titled ‘Universal Basic Education Project: P071494’ ‘to increase the capacity of states and local governments to manage and implement the UBE program effectively and efficiently.’
“In May, 2007 the Bank approved $180.00 million for a project titled ‘Nigeria Federal Science & Technical Education at Post-Basic Levels (STEPB): P074132’, ‘to produce more and better qualified science and technology (S&T) graduates’.”
In May 2000, the Bank approved $55.00 million for a project titled ‘Second Primary Education Project: P066571’, ‘to support the implementation of Universal Basic Education.’
“In December 2000, the Bank approved $86.75 million for a project titled ‘Community Based Poverty Reduction Project: P069086’, to ‘improve access of the poor to social and economic infrastructure and increase the availability and management of development resources at the community level.’
“In March 2011, the Bank approved $160.00 million for a project titled ‘Nigeria – Growth & Employment: P069086’, ‘to increase growth and employment in Nigeria.’
“In July 2020, the World Bank approved $500.00 million for a project titled ‘Adolescent Girls Initiative for Learning and Empowerment: P170664’, ‘to improve secondary education opportunities among girls in targeted areas in participating states.’
“The Bank also approved $500.00 million in June 2023 for a project titled ‘Nigeria for Women Program Scale Up Project: P179447’, ‘to promote women’s economic empowerment and enhance the economic opportunities of unbanked women.’
“In June 2020, the Bank approved $750.00 million for a project titled ‘Power Sector Recovery Performance Based Operation: P164001’, ‘to improve the reliability of electricity supply, achieve financial and fiscal sustainability, and enhance accountability.’
“In September 2022, the Bank approved $750.00 million for a project titled ‘State Action on Business Enabling Reforms (SABER) Program: P177442’, ‘to improve the efficiency and transparency of government-to-business services in participating states.’
“Many years of allegations of corruption and mismanagement of public funds including the spending of the loans and facilities obtained by the Federal Government and Nigeria’s 36 states have contributed to widespread poverty, underdevelopment and lack of access to public goods and services in the country.
“The allegations of corruption in the loans and facilities provided by the Bank calls into question the rigor with which the Bank undertook due diligence in assessing the social, economic and environmental risks of its financed-projects in the country.
“The apparent inadequacy of safeguards and accountability mechanisms for the loans, facilities and project implementation has resulted in the alleged diversion of public funds for other purposes other than those agreed with the Bank.
“The Bank has apparently failed and/or neglected to effectively apply its various operational policies and procedures to ensure the transparent and accountable spending of its 197 loans and facilities across several states in the country.
“SERAP has over the years sent several complaints to the World Bank about the lack of transparency and accountability in the loans and facilities and the projects financed by the World Bank loans but the Bank Management has consistently failed and/or neglected to take any concrete action on the complaints.
SERAP believes that we have exhausted attempts to resolve our complaints through several communications with Bank Management.
“The harms suffered by millions of socially and economically vulnerable Nigerians as a result of the alleged corruption in the spending of loans and funding facilities provided by the Bank amount to violations of human rights guaranteed under the human rights treaties to which Nigeria is a state party.
“As a UN specialized agency, the World Bank also has an obligation to promote transparency and accountability in the management of public resources and effective implementation of the World Bank and to observe the provisions of the UN Charter, as well as the UN Convention against Corruption to which Nigeria is a state party.
“The World Bank has obligations under international anticorruption and human rights law, including a responsibility to promote transparency and accountability in the management of public funds, prevent mismanagement or diversion of public funds, and redress any abuse of public trust that they may have contributed to.
“The World Bank’s board of executive directors also has an obligation to ensure that the policies and decisions of the Bank are consistent with their own statutes and governments’ transparency and accountability obligations.
“The UN ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ framework for business and human rights and the “Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights among others impose corporate responsibility on the World Bank to assess potential risks of mismanagement or diversion of their investments and to seek to prevent or mitigate those risks.
“Under Article 1 of the World Bank Articles of Agreement, the stated purposes of the Bank include ‘to assist in the reconstruction and development’. The Bank is also to ‘be guided in all its decisions by the purposes.’
“Under Article 3 section 4(vii) of the World Bank Articles of Agreement, loans made or guaranteed by the Bank ‘shall be for the purpose of specific projects of reconstruction or development.’ Also, under Article 3 section 5(b), the Bank ‘shall make arrangements to ensure that the proceeds of any loan are used only for the purposes for which the loan was granted’.”
Governor Monday Okpebholo of Edo State has insisted that political power in Nigeria will remain unchanged even if insecurity in the country worsens, declaring that the ruling party remains firmly in control ahead of future elections.
Okpebholo made the statement on Tuesday during the flag-off of the All Progressives Congress (APC) campaign for the upcoming local government council elections in Edo South Senatorial District.
The governor said the recent rise in insecurity across parts of the country is being politicised, alleging that some actors are deliberately worsening the situation to discredit President Bola Tinubu’s administration.
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He maintained that such efforts would not succeed in altering the political direction of the country.
“Even if insecurity worsens, power will not change hands. They can even kidnap all of us—there is no vacancy in Aso Rock,” Okpebholo declared.
He further argued that those behind the alleged political manipulation of insecurity have no viable alternative agenda, stressing that violence would only harm ordinary citizens rather than achieve political gain.
The governor also defended the performance of the federal government, noting that key policy decisions, including the removal of fuel subsidy, were beginning to translate into visible development projects across states.
He commended candidates of the All Progressives Congress who emerged from the party primaries for the forthcoming council polls, urging them to take the party’s message of development to grassroots communities.
Okpebholo expressed confidence that the party’s performance at the local government elections would strengthen its position ahead of the 2027 general elections.
The event also featured the official unveiling of APC candidates for various positions in Edo South Senatorial District.
The Senate has raised concerns over the financial operations of the South East Development Commission (SEDC), questioning alleged expenditures including N153 million reportedly spent on renting a single-room liaison office in Abuja.
The matter was raised during an investigative hearing of the Senate Committee on the South East Development Commission, chaired by Senator Orji Uzor Kalu, as lawmakers examined the commission’s 2025 budget implementation and spending records.
The committee disclosed that the SEDC received N16.6 billion in December 2025, with about N13 billion reportedly remaining in its account, suggesting that roughly N3.6 billion had already been expended.
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Lawmakers expressed dissatisfaction with the financial report submitted by the commission, insisting that several figures were unclear and required detailed justification.
A key concern was the alleged N153 million spent on office rent in Abuja, despite the commission’s headquarters being located in Enugu.
Senator Orji Uzor Kalu described the financial submission as unacceptable and demanded proper accountability.
“This committee is disappointed with the financial report presented. It is completely unacceptable,” Kalu said.
Other members of the committee also questioned additional expenditures reflected in the report, including about N2.5 billion described as unclear or insufficiently explained.
Responding to the concerns, the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of the SEDC, Mark Okoye, defended the commission’s spending, insisting that all expenditures were carried out prudently and within available resources.
Okoye explained that the commission operates based on actual cash releases rather than full budgeted allocations, noting that this approach helps prevent financial mismanagement.
“For example, having a budget of N140 billion does not automatically mean that N140 billion in cash is available. It would be irresponsible to award contracts worth the entire budget if only N10 billion or N20 billion has actually been released,” he said.
However, the committee was not satisfied with the explanations and directed the commission to submit full documentation of all expenditures, including contract details, payment records, and supporting documents, on or before June 23.
Senator Kalu added that the committee would review the documents before fixing another date for further appearance.
“By the 23rd, we want to have the complete documentation. Once we receive and review the documents, we will determine the date for your next appearance before the committee,” he stated.
The hearing was thereafter adjourned, with lawmakers insisting on full transparency and accountability in the management of public funds allocated to the commission.
The Supreme Council for Shariah in Nigeria has called on the Federal Government to move beyond promises and take urgent, decisive action to address the worsening security crisis across the country.
The Council, in a statement issued by its Secretary-General, Nafiu Baba Ahmad, expressed concern over the persistent wave of killings, kidnappings, banditry and terrorism, saying Nigerians continue to live in fear despite repeated assurances from authorities that security challenges are being tackled.
According to the Council, the security situation has reached an alarming stage, with recent incidents in Borno, Oyo, Niger and Zamfara states underscoring the vulnerability of communities already struggling with years of violence and criminal activities.
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The Council also cited the recent abduction of a retired Army General and his wife in Katsina State, describing it as further evidence of the growing reach of kidnappers and armed gangs across the country.
It noted that many attacks occurring in rural and underserved areas often go unreported, suggesting that the true extent of the crisis may be far greater than official figures indicate.
Citing reports from security monitoring and human rights organisations, the Council said thousands of Nigerians have been killed, displaced or abducted in recent months.
It added that reports indicate more than 1,000 people were kidnapped across northern Nigeria during the first quarter of the year.
Expressing frustration over what it described as a lack of meaningful progress, the Council said repeated appeals by traditional rulers, religious leaders, civil society organisations and concerned citizens for stronger security measures have yet to produce significant results.
“Nigerians are tired of speeches, promises, condolences, committees and official rhetoric that are not matched by concrete action and measurable outcomes. What the nation requires now is decisive intervention and visible results,” the statement read.
The Council reminded the Federal Government that the protection of lives and property remains one of its core constitutional responsibilities, stressing that no administration can be considered successful while citizens continue to face threats from criminal elements.
While acknowledging the sacrifices and commitment of military personnel and other security operatives, the Council said its criticism was directed at broader leadership and strategic shortcomings in the fight against insecurity.
It also called for greater transparency and accountability in the management of public funds allocated to the security sector, insisting that citizens deserve to know how resources earmarked for defence and intelligence operations are being utilised.
The Council further urged the government to embrace innovative and proactive measures, including improved intelligence gathering, deployment of modern technology, stronger collaboration among security agencies, enhanced community participation and tighter border security.
Warning against complacency, the Council said Nigerians are expecting competent leadership, concrete action and measurable progress in restoring peace and security across the country.
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