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Africa’s Losing $90bn Annually to Imported Substandard Fuel, Dangote Laments
Africa has become a destination for cheap, often toxic petroleum products, often blended to substandard levels that would not be permitted in Europe or North America.
This concern was raised by the President/Chief Executive, Dangote Industries Limited, Aliko Dangote, at the ongoing West African Refined Fuel Conference held in Abuja.
The event is the brainchild of the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA) and S&P Global Commodity Insights.
According to Dangote due to the continent’s limited domestic refining capacity, Africa imports over 120 million tonnes of refined petroleum products annually, at a cost of approximately $90 billion.
While appreciating the Management of the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL), for making some cargoes of Nigerian crude available to us from start of production to date, he revealed that the company, monthly import between 9-10 million barrels of crude from the United States of America and other countries.
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He said, “As we speak today, we buy 9 – 10 million barrels of crude monthly from US and other countries. I must thank NNPC for making some cargoes of Nigerian crude available to us from start of production to date.”
Dangote further stated that despite producing around 7 million barrels of crude oil per day, Africa only refines about 40% of its 4.3 million barrels daily consumption of refined products domestically. In stark contrast, Europe and Asia refine over 95% of what they consume.
“So, while we produce plenty of crude, we still import over 120 million tonnes of refined petroleum products each year, effectively exporting jobs and importing poverty into our continent. That’s a $90 billion market opportunity being captured by regions with surplus refining capacity. To put this in perspective: only about 15% of African countries have a GDP greater than $90 billion. We are effectively handing over an entire continent’s economic potential to others—year after year,” he said.
While reaffirming his belief in the power of free markets and international cooperation, Dangote emphasised that trade must be grounded in economic efficiency and comparative advantage — not at the expense of quality or safety standards.
He stressed that, “it defies logic and economic sense for Africa to be exporting raw crude only to re-import refined products—products we are more than capable of producing ourselves, closer to both source and consumption.”
Reflecting on the experience of delivering the world’s largest single-train refinery, Dangote also highlighted a range of challenges faced, including technical, commercial, and contextual hurdles unique to the African landscape.
Africa’s wealthiest man described building refineries such as the Dangote Petroleum Refinery as one of the most capital-intensive and logistically complex industrial facilities ever constructed. The Dangote refinery project, he said, required clearing 2,735 hectares of land (seven times the size of Victoria Island), of which 70% was swampy, requiring the pumping of 65 million cubic metres of sand to stabilise the site and raise it by 1.5 metres, over 250,000 foundation piles, and millions of metres of piping, cabling, and electrical wiring among others.
“At peak, we had over 67,000 people on-site of which 50,000 are Nigerians, coordinating around the clock across hundreds of disciplines and nationalities. Then, of course, came the COVID-19 pandemic which set us back by two years and brought new levels of complexity, disruption, and risk. But we persevered,” he noted.
The refinery also required the construction of a dedicated seaport, as existing Nigerian ports could not handle the size and volume of equipment required. This included over 2,500 pieces of heavy equipment, 330 cranes, and even the establishment of the world’s largest granite quarry, with a production capacity of 10 million tonnes per year.
“In short, we didn’t just build a refinery—we built an entire industrial ecosystem from scratch,” he said.
Despite the refinery’s technical success, Dangote identified significant commercial challenges, particularly exchange rates which have gone from N156/$ at inception to N1,600/$ at completion, and challenges around crude oil sourcing. Although Nigeria is said to produce about 2 million barrels per day, the refinery has struggled to secure crude at competitive terms.
“Rather than buying crude oil directly from Nigerian producers at competitive terms, we found ourselves having to negotiate with international trading companies, who were buying Nigerian crude and reselling it to us—with hefty premiums, of course.
Logistics and regulatory bottlenecks have also taken a toll. Port and regulatory charges reportedly account for 40% of total freight costs, sometimes costing two-thirds as much as chartering the vessel itself.
“Refiners in India, who purchase crude oil from regions even farther away, enjoy lower freight costs than we do right here in West Africa because they are not saddled with exorbitant port charges,” Dangote said.
He added that, in terms of port charges, it is currently more expensive to load a domestic cargo of petroleum products from the Dangote Refinery, as customers pay both at the point of loading and at the point of discharge. In contrast, when they load from Lomé, which competes with them, they pay only at the point of discharge.
Dangote further criticised the lack of harmonised fuel standards across African nations, which creates artificial barriers for regional trade in refined products.
“The fuel we produce for Nigeria cannot be sold in Cameroon or Ghana or Togo, even though we all drive the same vehicles. This lack of harmonisation benefits no one—except, of course, international traders, who thrive on arbitrage. For local refiners like us, it fragments the market and imposes unnecessary inefficiencies.”
Dangote, stating the challenge with diesel production in Africa, noted, “to give one example, the diesel cloud point for Nigeria is 4 degrees. Without going into the technical details, this means that the diesel should work at a temperature of 4 degrees centigrade. Achieving this comes at a cost to us and limits the types of crude we could process. But how many places in Nigeria experience temperatures of 4 degrees? Other African countries have a more reasonable range of 7 to 12 degrees. This is a low hanging fruit which could be addressed by the regulators.”
He also cited the growing influx of discounted, low-quality fuel originating from Russia — blended with Russian crude under price caps and dumped in African markets.
“And to make matters worse, we are now facing increasing dumping of cheap, often toxic, petroleum products—some of which are blended to substandard levels that would never be allowed in Europe or North America,” he said.
Dangote called on African governments to follow the example of the United States, Canada, and the European Union, which have implemented protective measures for domestic refiners.
With members of the public showing much zeal to take up the equities made available by the Dangote Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemicals (DPRP), in its Initial Public Offering (IPO), financial institutions have warned against the activities of scammers.
On Tuesday, they counselled investors against disclosing sensitive banking information to parties claiming to facilitate the purchase of the refinery’s shares.
This is coming after the IPO drew about N1.5 trillion in subscriptions within the first 6 hours of trade on the floor of the Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGX), signaling extraordinary investor appetite for what could be one of Africa’s biggest share sales after the likes of MTN.
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The rush by Nigerians to buy shares in the DPRP overwhelmed some local investment and trading platforms, with investors reporting difficulties accessing the apps as the IPO opened last Monday.
The unprecedented demand followed the commencement of the N2.15 trillion share offer by the Dangote Industries Limited (DIL), which sought to sell 4.1 billion shares in the refinery at N525 per share.
Urging Nigerians to participate, Chief Executive, Dangote Industries Limited, Aliko Dangote, assured investors that the public offering presents a compelling opportunity for strong returns and sustainable wealth creation.
Following the announcement, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in a public statement, cautioned prospective investors to be vigilant and use only approved channels when subscribing to the IPO.
The Commission confirmed that it had approved the refinery’s public offer and urged investors to ensure that all applications and payments are processed exclusively through authorised receiving agents, approved subscription platforms, and designated channels.
In the same vein, banks urged customers to be particularly careful with unsolicited messages, calls and social-media offers promising access to shares or preferential allocations.
They pointed out that legitimate banks will not request highly sensitive information such as a customer’s full card number, personal identification number (PIN), card verification value (CVV) or one-time password (OTP) through unsolicited calls, text messages or online communications.
In a notification sent to its customers, Access Bank, said, “Buying the Dangote Refinery IPO? Remember, Access Bank will never ever ask for your full card number, PIN, CVV or OTP.
If you have shared the above information with anyone, please dial *901*911# to block your account”.
The warning highlights a familiar tactic used by financial fraudsters: exploiting public interest in a major corporate transaction to make fraudulent requests appear legitimate.
Scammers may present themselves as bank officials, investment advisers, brokers or representatives involved in the share offering. They can use official-looking logos, convincing language and references to well-known companies to persuade potential victims that a transaction is genuine.
Banks are therefore advising customers to independently verify investment opportunities before transferring money or providing personal information. Investors should rely on official communications and established financial channels rather than links or contact details supplied through unexpected messages.
The DPRP, one of Africa’s most prominent industrial projects, has generated significant interest in Nigeria’s capital markets and broader business community. Any potential share offering connected to the company is likely to attract considerable attention from retail and institutional investors.
That visibility, however, also creates an opportunity for criminals.
Financial institutions say customers who have already disclosed sensitive banking information should act immediately rather than wait to determine whether their accounts have been compromised. Promptly contacting the bank and taking steps to block or secure an account can help limit potential losses.
The latest warnings also underscore the wider challenge facing Nigeria’s financial sector as digital banking and mobile transactions become increasingly common. Fraudsters have increasingly sought to exploit moments of heightened public interest, particularly when consumers are eager to participate in investments that appear to offer significant returns.
For prospective investors, the message from banks is straightforward, enthusiasm for an investment opportunity should not override basic security precautions.
In a move perceived as an important milestone in the company’s journey to accelerate its Beyond XXX vision and drive the next phase of growth, innovation, and impact, Sahara has announced the appointment of Chidilim Menakaya as Managing Director.
Menakaya is a seasoned transformation and strategy executive, bringing more than two decades of leadership experience spanning Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.
Prior to her appointment, Menakaya served as Director of the Sahara Foundation, where she led the company’s sustainability and social impact agenda.
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Under her leadership, the Foundation expanded the reach of Sahara’s EXTRApreneurship model, strengthened strategic partnerships, and deepened socio-economic impact across communities in the company’s locations.
Widely respected for her collaborative leadership style, strategic insight, and ability to build high-performing teams, she has consistently demonstrated a commitment to developing people, driving innovation, and delivering measurable outcomes.
Commenting on the appointment, Executive Director, Sahara, Ade Odunsi, said the decision reflects Sahara’s confidence in purposeful leadership and its commitment to building the future from within.
“For over three decades now we have remained committed to our vision of bringing energy to life responsibly. Beyond XXX represents our commitment to shaping the future through bold thinking, innovation, sustainability, and shared value creation. Chidilim’s appointment reflects these aspirations. We are confident that under her leadership, Sahara will continue to expand the frontiers of impact and create sustainable value for stakeholders across our markets.”
Odunsi noted that the appointment signals Sahara’s determination to build a resilient, future-focused enterprise capable of thriving in an increasingly dynamic global environment.
As Managing Director, Menakaya will provide strategic leadership for steering Sahara’s Beyond XXX agenda, enhancing stakeholder value, and positioning Sahara for continued growth and global relevance.
Menakaya holds executive and professional qualifications from leading global institutions, including London Business School, INSEAD, and Manchester Business School. She is also a certified Human Resources Business Partner, Transformation and Reputation Manager, and Prosci-certified Change Management Practitioner.
The Dangote Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemicals FZE (DPRP) Initial Public Offering (IPO), has been described as an important precedent in the Nigerian capital market.
Sharing the view in a statement on Monday, Olaniwun Ajayi LP also expressed its pleasure at having advised on the IPO while acting as Joint Solicitor to the transaction.
According to a Forbes report on Monday, Africa’s richest man, Aliko Dangote, saw his fortune rise to $51.3 billion following the launch of the refinery’s highly anticipated IPO on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX), amid strong investor demand on the opening day.
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The transaction was brought to the market by a consortium of professional advisers, including Olaniwun Ajayi LP, which acted as the Joint Solicitors to the issue.
In that capacity, the firm advised Dangote Refinery on the legal aspects of the offer, from transaction structuring and regulatory engagement through to launch
According to the law firm, the transaction is expected to be the largest IPO in both Nigeria and Africa, marking the first public offer of shares by a Nigerian Free Zone Enterprise (NFZE) in Nigeria.
The law firm stated that the transaction matters beyond the deal as it “establishes an important precedent for capital raising by Free Zone Enterprises”, while contributing to the continued development of the Nigerian capital market.
It added that the proceeds are intended to support DPRP’s long-term growth strategy, including the expansion of its refining and petrochemicals capacity.
The law firm stressed that the offer broadens public participation in one of Africa’s most significant industrial assets.
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