Business
Nigeria’s Chinese Debt Skyrockets By $800 Million In One-Year Span
Nigeria’s debt to China rose by $800 million in the span of one year, increasing from $3.93 billion as of June 30, 2022, to $4.73 billion as of June 30, 2023.
This marks a 20.36% surge from the second quarter of 2022 to Q2 2023, according to analysis based on data from the Debt Management Office.
Despite the Federal Government maintaining secrecy about the terms of the China loans, the DMO has previously made some statements regarding them.
Recall that in a statement in June 2020, the DMO said, “The total borrowings from China of $3.121bn as of March 31, 2020, are concessional loans with interest rates of 2.5 per cent per annum, tenor of 20 years and grace period (moratorium) of seven years.”
As per the Debt Management Office (DMO), the terms of the loans from China align with Section 41 (1a) of the Fiscal Responsibility Act, 2007.
The loans feature a low interest rate, minimizing the government’s interest costs, and a prolonged tenor, facilitating the repayment of the principal sum over an extended period.
In a document titled ‘Status of Chinese loans as at September 30, 2021,’ the DMO revealed that 15 projects, spanning water supply, power generation, railways, airport terminals, communication, and agricultural processing, were funded by these loans.
The initial loan project, the Nigerian Communications Satellite project, involved $200 million and was agreed upon on January 12, 2006.
This five-year loan matured on June 29, 2018, and Nigeria successfully paid it off. The interest rate was three percent per annum, resulting in a payment of $40.02 million in interest.
The second loan, for the Nigerian national public security communication system project, amounted to $399.50 million and was agreed upon on December 20, 2010, with disbursement.
The third loan supported the Nigerian railway modernization project (Wu-Kaduna section) with $500 million, agreed upon on December 20, 2010, and disbursed.
The fourth loan, directed at the Abuja light rail project, amounted to $500 million and was agreed upon on November 7, 2012, with subsequent disbursement.
The fifth loan targeted the Nigerian Information and Communication Technology infrastructure backbone project, involving $100 million and an agreement reached on January 5, 2013, with disbursement.
The sixth loan was allocated for the expansion of four airport terminals (Abuja, Kano, Lagos, and Port Harcourt) with $500 million agreed on July 10, 2013. However, only $455.28 million, equivalent to 91.06 percent of the agreed amount, was disbursed.
The seventh loan, designated for the Nigerian Zungeru hydroelectric power project, amounted to $984.32 million, agreed upon on September 28, 2013. However, only $518.24 million, representing 52.65 percent of the agreed amount, was disbursed.
The eighth loan, allocated for the Nigerian 40-parboiled rice processing plants project under the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, amounted to $325.67 million. This agreement was reached on April 26, 2016, but no disbursement occurred.
The ninth loan, dedicated to the Nigerian railway modernization project (Lagos – Ibadan section), amounted to $1.27 billion, agreed upon on August 18, 2017. However, only $759.84 million, equivalent to 17.50 percent of the agreed amount, was disbursed.
The tenth loan aimed at the rehabilitation and upgrading of the Abuja-Keffi-Markurdi road project with $460.82 million, agreed on August 18, 2017. However, only $80.64 million, representing 59.96 percent of the agreed amount, was disbursed.
The eleventh loan, intended for the Nigeria supply of rolling stocks and depot equipment for the Abuja light rail project, amounted to $157 million, agreed upon on May 29, 2018. Nevertheless, no disbursement occurred.
The twelfth loan, allocated for the Nigeria Greater Abuja water supply project, involved $381.09 million, agreed upon on May 29, 2018. However, no disbursement took place.
The thirteenth loan, designated for the Nigerian Four Airport Terminal Expansion Ancillary Project, amounted to $183.62 million, agreed upon on December 27, 2019. Yet, no disbursement was made.
The fourteenth loan, intended for the Nigerian Four Airport Terminal Expansion Incremental Project, amounted to $208.90 million, agreed upon on December 27, 2019. However, no disbursement occurred.
The fifteenth loan, allocated for the Nigerian ICT Infrastructure Backbone Phase II Project, involved ¥2.3 billion and was agreed upon on September 5, 2018. However, only ¥480.40 million, equivalent to a partial disbursement, was executed.
The document reveals that only the 15th loan project was denominated in Chinese Renminbi Yuan.
Additionally, it contradicts the DMO’s claim in June 2020, showing varying interest rates ranging from 2.5 percent to three percent, not exclusively fixed at 2.5 percent.
During the reviewed period, Nigeria serviced Chinese loans with $263.14 million, as observed by The PUNCH.
Data from external debt service reports indicates that Nigeria may not be obligated to make any payments in Q2, as no debt service payment for Chinese loans was recorded in both Q2 of 2022 and 2023.
Addressing concerns about potential asset forfeiture due to loan default, the Director-General of the DMO, Patience Oniha, reassured Nigerians in 2021 that the loans were predominantly concessional, and no national asset was designated as collateral.
Business
Gas Infrastructure Fund Sets Terms for Indigenous Access to Funding
Midstream and Downstream Gas Infrastructure Fund (MDGIF) has said that indigenous companies seeking to partner with it and access its equity must show secured gas supply and a confirmed buyer, because no gas project is bankable without both.
The Fund was established under the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA), and designed as the “master key” for unlocking gas processing, infrastructure and bankability.
Deputy Director at MDGIF in the Nigerian Midstream Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA), Engr Elvis Duruji made this known at the OTL Africa Downstream Energy Week in Lagos. He spoke at a session on: “Scaling Energy Options: Unlocking Gas and Renewables through Processing and Infrastructure.”
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Expatiating further, Duruji said the two conditions decide whether the fund takes an equity stake in a project, since they determine its returns and viability, insisting that the security of the gas feedstock is very important. He further noted that project operators must locate their sites at a gas processing plant or close to a CNG mother station.
The Fund, he added, has used N671 billion to catalyse N1.6 trillion from private Nigerians.
“The Fund has partnered on 31 projects covering 205 infrastructure assets at different stages of execution. Of these, 127 are at different levels of project management, and 10 have been commissioned.
Duruji cited Topline Limited’s mini-LNG plant in Delta State as a success story. “For three years, a Nigerian company, Topline, was looking for a credit facility from InfraCredit, and no one was able to loan them money because they are Nigerian,” he said. “They came to the fund and we partnered with them.”
He said Topline is now the first indigenous mini-LNG operator in Nigeria, with commissioning due before December.
He also cited a programme to convert 20 university campuses to CNG through daughter stations.
“Three CNG stations are operational and 14 more are to be commissioned before December. Duruji added that the fund is working with fuel-station partners, including Ibile Oil and Gas Corporation, which is delivering 15 CNG stations across Lagos.
“These are our success stories,” he said.
He said, for CNG projects, proximity to the gas processing plant “is very important. You must have security of gas supply. We also ensure that you have a gas supply agreement with producers. What is the volume and price that the producer is willing to give to our would-be equity partner? This always affects their credit returns and internal rate of return. This is what will determine the project viability, and this is key,” he said.
Duruji also noted that offtake is equally critical adding that. “We need to know the offtakers and the regasification facility. The same thing for CNG, you need to get a compressor,” he said.
According to him, the MDGIF intervenes in gas projects where commercial lenders will not, because “most Nigerian companies are in trading and operating marginally at the downstream level because the sector is highly capital intensive,” adding that no Nigerian bank would give single-digit loans for exploration and production.
“Nigerian Banks lends at as much as 30 per cent interest, whereas, foreign firms coming into Nigeria to explore, by contrast, have access to cheap loans in single digits from their home country financial institutions,” he said.
The MDGIF, he further explained, intervenes “by pricing the risk, coming up with mitigation and catalytic equity, which we now use to bring that barrier to a level to allow Nigerians who are interested to come into the midstream to partner through the equity finance that we will provide without interest.”
“We bring in the catalytic equity, which is about 49 percent, because we want to allow you to be the operator. We will stay with the private investor and walk them through all that,” he added.
He said MDGIF brings “minority equity, due diligence and risk governance” and uses these as catalytic capital “to make the projects bankable, to make them balanced capital structure that will attract private confidence.”
He identified processing plants, transport, storage and last-mile distribution as the main gaps. Non-associated gas, he said, is “very expertise and capital intensive,” and pipeline networks are needed to move gas from the reserve to the last mile.
“The more gas infrastructure we roll out, the more we are helping the energy system where renewables cannot,” he said.
Duruji identified three mandates of the MDGIF: to increase domestic gas consumption, to aggregate flared gas and bring it into the domestic market, and to mobilise private investors who lack the funds to play in the midstream.
“The MDGIF has three mandates: increase domestic gas consumption, aggregate flared gas and bring it into the domestic market, that is key,” he said. “The other mandate is to mobilise private investors that do not have the funds to be able to play in the midstream, bring their funds.”
He added: “We also have the mandate to reduce gas flare in Nigeria exploration and production sites.”
Business
UN Engages NCDMB to Deepen Female Access to $40m Oil, Gas Fund
Easing access to the dedicated $40 million Women in Oil and Gas Fund is the focus of ongoing strategic conversation between the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women), and the Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board (NCDMB).
Biztellers reports that the two bodies are keen to collaborate to ensure that more women-owned businesses and professionals benefit from industry’s opportunities and consequently play a stronger role across the sector’s value chain.
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Recall that in April 2021, the NCDMB established a $20 million fund dedicated to supporting women-owned and women-led businesses in the oil and gas sector, which the Nigerian Export-Import Bank (NEXIM) complemented by matching the fund with an additional $20 million.
However, despite this significant commitment and favorable loan terms, the uptake of the scheme has remained below expectations to date.
The discussions were advanced last week when the UN Women’s Country Representative to Nigeria and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Ms. Beatrice Eyong, led a delegation to the NCDMB’s Abuja liaison office.
The team was received by the Board’s General Manager of Corporate Communications, Dr. Obinna Ezeobi, on behalf of the Executive Secretary, Engr. Felix Omatsola Ogbe.
The meeting explored proposed capacity-building initiatives for NCDMB personnel, aimed at mainstreaming gender perspectives into the Board’s project planning, budgeting, and execution frameworks.
Other key areas of discussion included vendor development schemes to better position women-led oil and gas businesses for industry opportunities, strategies to raise awareness of available financing options, and potential affirmative procurement measures designed to expand the participation of women-owned companies across the oil and gas value chain.
The UN official commended NCDMB for its ongoing gender inclusion efforts, noting that the Board is already implementing several measures consistent with its mandate.
She proposed conducting a study to identify the reasons women face challenges in accessing the financing facility, including potential barriers related to documentation, business registration, tax compliance, and limited awareness.
She further highlighted key initiatives currently being undertaken by the UN Office, such as programmes on women’s economic empowerment, leadership development, and the elimination of gender-based violence, among others.
Ezeobi welcomed the proposals and affirmed the Board’s readiness to partner with UN Women. He highlighted several innovative initiatives already implemented by the Board to create opportunities for women to participate, grow, and lead in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry.
These include the establishment of a dedicated funding scheme with NEXIM Bank that enables women-owned or women-led firms to access financing at a highly competitive 5 per cent interest rate, as well as the creation of a Diversity Sectoral Working Group within the Nigerian Content Consultative Forum (NCCF), designed to mainstream women’s issues into local content policy and decision-making processes.
The Board also supports associations of women who work across the Energy Industry value chain, where they network, build confidence and links to progress their careers or businesses.
Ezeobi noted that NCDMB has also invested significantly in capacity-building programs for women entrepreneurs and business leaders, covering critical areas such as business sustainability, corporate governance, and strategic management.
The Board has further supported women’s participation in technical occupations while encouraging young girls to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).
He acknowledged that women remain underrepresented in the oil and gas industry, citing limited access to technical education, finance, and commercial opportunities, as well as entrenched perceptions of the sector as predominantly male.
Ezeobi reiterated NCDMB’s willingness to collaborate with UN Women to address these challenges and recommended strategies to accelerate the Board’s support for UN Women’s programmes, thereby advancing gender inclusion across the industry.
Business
Afreximbank Charts Côte d’Ivoire’s Rise as a Regional Growth Leader in WA
The African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank) has released its Côte d’Ivoire Country Brief, providing an in-depth examination of the West African nation’s macroeconomic outlook, regional and international trade dynamics, financial sector development and debt sustainability profile.
The brief highlights Côte d’Ivoire as one of Africa’s fastest-growing economies. Home to 33.5 million people and with a nominal GDP forecast at USD116.9 billion in 2027, the country has sustained average real GDP growth of around 6.5% per year between 2021 and 2024, accelerating to an estimated 6.6% in 2025. Growth is forecast to moderate to 5.8% in 2026 before rebounding to 6.2% in 2027, supported by rising crude production, continued infrastructure investment and resilient domestic demand.
The brief also points to a notably improved near-term macroeconomic environment. Inflation fell sharply to just 0.1% in 2025, supported by easing commodity price pressures and government measures to stabilise fuel and food prices, with the CFA franc’s euro peg providing a durable exchange rate anchor. The fiscal deficit narrowed to 3% of GDP in 2025, meeting the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) ceiling, backed by stronger revenue collection and ongoing reforms to tax administration and VAT digitalisation.
On trade, this edition charts a significant expansion. Total trade surged from USD26 billion in 2018 to USD57 billion in 2025, anchored by Côte d’Ivoire’s status as the world’s largest cocoa producer, commanding around 40% of global supply, alongside growing exports of cashew nuts, rubber, gold and hydrocarbons.
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The February 2026 Calao South gas condensate discovery and rising output from the Baleine field signaled a broadening export base over the medium term. Strategically positioned on the Gulf of Guinea, with the ports of Abidjan and San Pedro acting as principal gateways into Francophone West Africa, Côte d’Ivoire is deeply embedded in regional trade networks, with African markets accounting for around 22% of its goods trade in 2025.
The brief further notes Côte d’Ivoire’s financial sector strength. The country holds the largest banking sector in UEMOA, accounting for more than a third of regional banking assets. Regulatory reforms, including the adoption of Basel II and Basel III standards, have strengthened supervision and resilience, while the launch of the Central Bank of West African States’ (BCEAO) interoperable instant payment platform in September 2025 is broadening access to digital financial services across the economy.
As this edition notes, Côte d’Ivoire “has moved from a period of rapid debt accumulation and elevated debt service pressure towards a more stable debt profile, supported by fiscal consolidation, active debt management and continued multilateral engagement.” This is a trajectory that positions the country to fully capitalise on the ambitious targets of its 2026-2030 National Development Plan.
Afreximbank’s Group Chief Economist & Managing Director Research commented: “Côte d’Ivoire is consolidating its position as a leading West African growth and trade hub. Its expanding energy sector, world-class agricultural base, regional port infrastructure and increasingly sophisticated financial system offer a strong foundation to attract investment, scale value addition and deepen trade links across Africa.”





