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Nwankwo: Driving A knowledge Based Reform At DMO

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By Ogunsola Oke
LAGOS-IN order to arrive at a fair and impassioned appraisal of the achievements and challenges of the Debt Management Office (DMO) under the guidance of Dr. Abraham Nwankwo, it is pertinent to summarize the status report of the management of the nation’s debt prior to the establishment of the Debt Management Office (DMO) in October 2000. Before then, the management of our national debt was characterized by systematic and structural deficiencies. In practice, debt management functions were split across several government departments including the Federal Ministry of Finance, the Office of the Accountant General of the Federation and the Central Bank of Nigeria.
DMO 1

DG DMO, Dr. Abraham Nwankwo

This multi-dimensional approach was laden with problems and shortcomings which included operational inefficiencies and poor coordination, inadequate debt data recording system and poor information flow across agencies resulting in inaccurate and incomplete loan records which gave rise to difficulties in the verification of creditors’ claims arising from conflicting figures from various bodies handling the debt management function.
The policy underpinning which gave rise to the establishment of Debt Management Office (DMO) in 2000 centralizing the nation’s debt management functions with the statutory mandate of maintaining comprehensive, accurate and timely records of the nation’s debts, prudent management of the debt portfolio and negotiating with and ensuring debt relief from creditors has brought sanity into the system.
The emergence of Dr. Abraham Nwankwo at the helm of DMO on July 1 2007 almost coincided with the final exit of Nigeria from both the Paris and London club debts in 2006. Before then, our external debts had remained unsustainable as a result of the crushing debt burden arising from the external debt over hang. Following the exit from both Paris and London club debts, our external debt fell from an all-time high of about $35 billion in 2004 with an external debt-to-GDP ratio of over 40 percent to about 3.5 billion in 2006 and an external debt-to-GDP ratio of 2.3 percent respectively.
Although several macroeconomic problems and challenges remained, the debt relief and emergence of Dr. Nwankwo afforded the nation the opportunity for a fresh beginning. Given his solid academic background and position as one of the pioneer management staff of DMO, having joined the agency in 2001, Nwankwo was strategically positioned to lead the charge in the ongoing transformation of the capital market and under his leadership, the Debt Management Office has continued to play a pivotal role in the repositioning, strengthening and resuscitation of the FGN Bond Market. Under his guidance, DMO has relentlessly pursued the realization of its statutory mandate and has recorded verifiable achievements, making it the pride of the nation across Africa and the world. Some of its stellar performance include the formulation of a National Debt Management Framework (NDMF), 2008-2012, a review of same and publication of the revised (2nd) NDMF, 2013-2017 which incorporated debt management policies and guidelines. In addition to the maintenance of an accurate and up to date data which are published periodically, DMO has ensured regular and timely servicing of government’s debt.
As a result of the adoption of sound practices in public debt management, DMO has continued to conduct an annual Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) and has successfully prepared a Medium Term Debt Management Strategy (MTDS), 2012-2015 which is being implemented. One of the key objectives of (MTDS) is to achieve optimal composition of external and domestic debt structure and to ensure low cost of government debt consistent with a prudent level of risk.
Given the impact DMO has continued to make on our economic landscape, it is safe to posit that the highlighted plethora of initiatives have been pivotal in strengthening the capacity and tenacity of our socio-economic fabric to withstand the impact of global economic meltdown. The centrality of the private sector as the main driver of the national economy is not lost on DMO under Dr. Abraham Nwankwo as it has continued to roll out many private sector support initiatives.
It has consistently promoted policies to encourage the creation of opportunities for private sector access to long term capital in both domestic and international capital markets in order to sustain and expand their businesses. Determined to facilitate access to the International Capital Market for Nigerian corporate players, DMO issued USD 500 million Sovereign Eurobond in 2011 and followed it up with a whopping USD 1 billion dual-tranche Eurobonds in July 2013; thus creating benchmarks for corporate borrowers. In 2014, DMO issued FGN Bonds in Global Depository Note (GDN) format for the first time aimed at diversifying the investor base and attract foreign investors to the domestic securities Market.
As a result of strong leadership and profound impact, the DMO under the present leadership has continued to make to ensure prudent management of resources and the adoption of sound public debt management practices at all levels of governance, states across the nation are beginning to feel the positive impact of its activities. Having successfully demonstrated its determination to ensure a paradigm shift in government business by developing a template for the establishment of Debt Management Departments (DMDs) which include outline of the legal institutional human resource framework, all the 36 States including the federal capital territory (FCT) have established Debt Management Departments (DMDs) in conjunction with the agency.
As a result of the creation of domestic debt data bases for the states and FCT by DMO, Debt Data Reconstruction exercises have been conducted in all the 36 states and the FCT. This programme assists states with the compilation, recording, analyzing and reporting of debt data. This has led to the institutionalization of a framework for the periodic rendition of the Domestic Debt Data by the states and FCT to the DMO.
With these remarkable achievements under its belt and given its relentless quest for excellence, DMO has played a pivotal role in managing and restructuring the debt of cash strapped states in the country as a result of their failure to meet their financial obligations. Following the announcement of a bailout package for the states by president Buhari, 22 states applied to DMO for their debts to be re-structured into Federal Government of Nigeria Bonds. Whereupon, DMO has successfully concluded the restructuring of N322.788 billion short term commercial bank debts of 11 states out of the 22 states to long term domestic bond at 14.83 percent yield in 20 years. Fourteen banks were involved in the phase 1 of the state’s debt restructuring exercise involving 11 States. These successful restructuring was effected using a re-opening of the FGN Bond issued on July 18, 2014 which will mature on July 18, 2034.
As the chief visioner and the mastermind driving the knowledge based revolution at the Debt Management Office, Abraham Nwankwo has put in place a framework that ensures continuous capacity building for staff. Through several workshops and special training for staff across board, he has consistently repositioned the agency for greater productivity pursuant to the realization of its statutory mandate. Debt sustainability, analysis training, sensitization workshops and training programmes aimed at achieving accurate, reliable and timely domestic debt data submissions have been conducted for relevant States, Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) by DMO.
As a result of the intensification of sensitization of relevant stakeholders including banks and other regulatory organs responsible for controlling borrowing by states, banks and other regulatory authorities now revert to the Federal Ministry of Finance before granting loans or facilities to states. The giant strides and remarkable progress recorded by DMO under the guidance of Abraham Nwankwo has not gone unnoticed by major players within the African continent and beyond.
Under the present management, DMO has transformed from being a user of technical assistance to being a provider to some nations across Africa as the leadership of these nations in recognition of DMO’s technical competence now seek to expand on areas of cooperation. So far, four African countries including Uganda, Sudan, Zambia and Zimbabwe have benefited from DMO’s technical competence. Predictably, the grant strides recorded by it have won for it plaudits, recognitions and awards both within and outside the shores of this country. In 2014, it was awarded the prestigious Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) Finance Award for the Best Sovereign Bond in Africa in 2013, for the US$ 1 billion Eurobonds which was successfully issued by Nigeria in July, 2013.
Although challenges and constraints remain which include the increasing cost of domestic borrowing, non-existence of a sinking fund for redeeming maturing obligations due to budgetary constraints, DMO has recorded string of achievements which has transformed it into a well-respected institution in Nigeria and beyond.
Oke, a financial analysts is based in Lagos.
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Banking

CBN Denies Currency Devaluation

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CBN Pegs Interest Rate at 14%

 

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has refuted claims of devaluing the.

 

Earlier reports suggested that the CBN had devalued the Naira, lowering its exchange rate from N631 to the dollar, compared to the previous day’s rate of N461.60 at the Importers and Exporters (I&E) window.

 

However, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) released a statement on Thursday through its Acting Head of Corporate Communications, Dr. Isa Abdulmumin, categorizing the report as false information.

 

In the statement titled ‘CBN Has Not Devalued The Naira’, he said the attention of the apex bank was drawn to the news report by an Abuja based newspaper edition of June 1, 2023, titled “CB Devalues Naira To 630/51”.

 

However, the CBN stated categorically that the news report was replete with outright FALSEHOODS and destabilizing innuendos, ‘reflecting potentially willful ignorance of the said medium as to the workings of the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market.’

 

“For the avoidance of doubt, the exchange rate at the Investors’ & Exporters (I&E) window traded this morning (June 1, 2023) at N465/USS1 and has been stable around this rate for a while.

 

“The public is hereby advised to ignore the news report by Daily Trust in its entirety, as it is speculative and calculated at causing panic in the market,” the CBN spokesman added.

 

He, therefore, advised media practitioners to verify their facts from the Central Bank of Nigeria before publishing in order not to misinform the public.

 

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Banking

BREAKING: CBN Increases Interest Rate By 0.5%

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CBN Pegs Interest Rate at 14%

 

The interest rate in Nigeria has been raised to 18.5 percent, up by 0.5 percent, from 18 percent where it was pegged in March 2023.

 

The Central Banks of Nigeria’s (CBN) Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) resolved to this effect at its third meeting of 2023 in Abuja, on Wednesday.

 

Governor, CBN, Godwin Emefiele, made the disclosure in the communiqué of the MPC’s meeting,  thereafter.

 

While engaging the media at the end of the two-day meeting, Emefiele, said the committee voted to keep the asymmetric corridor at +100 and -700 basis points around the MPR.

 

In the view of the MPC, rising inflation rate is traceable to the high energy cost and challenges around the supply chain, among others, which lie outside the corridors of the CBN.

 

Emefiele said, “The current trend in price development would continue to be monitored by the bank with greater collaboration with fiscal authority to address the drivers of inflation.”

 

Biztellers reports that the CBN had effected six consecutive interest rate increases, which has seen the rate move from 11.5 percent in March 2022 to 18.5 percent in May 2023.

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Finance

Dangers Lurk As Nigerians Resort To Refurbished Gas Cylinders

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In Nigeria, people have been forced to come up with creative solutions to cope with the effects of inflation and the economic crisis.

 

These improvised strategies have not only helped individuals save money, but also enabled them to stay afloat during difficult times.

 

In a concerning development, the recent trend of boycotting the high cost of cooking gas cylinders in Nigeria may pose a greater risk to lives than it does in terms of saving money.

 

Economy&Lifestyle investigations have revealed that the soaring prices of gas cylinders have reached a point where it has become increasingly challenging for average households to afford them, let alone refill them with gas.

 

The situation is further exacerbated by the fact that the pump price of kerosene, which would typically serve as an alternative, has become prohibitively expensive.

 

Upon investigation, it was found that the prices of gas cylinders vary depending on their sizes. A 3kg gas cylinder is priced at N14,000, while a 5kg cylinder costs N16,000. The larger cylinders are even more costly, with a 6kg cylinder priced at N17,000 and a 12.5kg cylinder costing N19,000.

 

Additionally, the expense continues when it comes to filling these cylinders with cooking gas, as it costs N2,600 for a 3kg cylinder, N5,200 for a 6kg cylinder, N8,950 for a 10.5kg cylinder, and N10,650 for a 12.5kg cylinder.

 

Consequently, an average household that needs to replace a worn-out 5kg cylinder would have to come up with N20,250 to purchase a new cylinder and fill it with gas, which can be a difficult feat to achieve.

 

As a result, many people have resorted to refurbishing their old cylinders and trying to use them as best as they can. However, this approach poses a significant danger.

 

Mrs. Rukayat Adesoji, a trader, shared her experience regarding her gas cylinder, which had become rusted and could no longer stand upright since last month. Due to the exorbitant prices of purchasing new cylinders, she resorted to seeking the assistance of a welder.

 

The welder patched the legs of the cylinder, repainted it, and ever since then, she has been using the refurbished cylinder for her cooking needs.

 

She said ““My gas cylinder which was 6kg got rusted and no longer stands erect since last month. When I asked for the price, I was told it was N17, 500. I was discussing it with a friend who advised me to take it to a welder to paint it and construct a new stand. I heeded to her advice and at the end spent just N3, 000 to turn my cooking gas to a brand new.”

 

Apart from refurbishing cylinders, some people don’t even know when their cylinders will expire. Mrs. Mercy Opara, a hair stylist, falls in that category as she explained: “I am taking my gas cylinder to the welder to spray it for me. It just cost N1, 500.

 

“The cost of buying a new cylinder is high. I have been using my cylinder for over 7 years and I don’t even know the expiry date. I just pray God blesses me so that I can buy a new one. But this one I am managing will look neat after spraying it for another two years.”

 

Mr. Adekanbi Joseph, a wielder, said he paints cylinder and “To paint and rebuild a cylinder stand, I charge N4, 500. Many people come here to paint as a new cylinder is now very expensive to get.”

 

Highlighting the potential dangers of using refurbished cylinders, Mr. Benjamin Hope, the Chief Executive Officer of FKT Cooking gas and general goods, emphasized the risks involved.

 

He stated that even a brand new cylinder can pose a risk of explosion if the locks are not properly secured after use or if the cylinder filled with gas is moved from one location to another.

 

He said “A brand new cylinder can explode if the locks are not well keyed after using and if the cylinder filled with gas was moved from one place.

 

“There are many reasons for the high cost of gas cylinders in Nigeria. One is the cost of importation due to the exchange rate. Another is the increased migration from the use of kerosene to cooking gas which has necessitated increased demand for gas cylinders. You know that in such a case there will be increased importation of cylinders.”he added

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